With a unique inheritance pattern compared to autosomal short tandem repeats (A‐STRs), X chromosomal STRs (X‐STRs) have special usage in forensic relationship testing. In this study, we designed a multiplex amplification system (named TYPER‐X19 multiplex assay) consisting of 18 STR loci spreading from 7.837 to 149.460 Mb on the X chromosomes (DXS9895, DXS8378, DXS9902, DXS6810, DXS7132, DXS10079, DXS6789, DXS7424, DXS101, DXS6797, DXS7133, DXS6804, GATA165B12, DXS10103, HPRTB, GATA31E08, DXS8377, and DXS7423), and the amelogenin. PCR primers were marked with four kinds of fluorophores including FAM, HEX, TAMRA, and ROX. The multiplex system was optimized and tested for precision, concordance, reproducibility, sensitivity, stability, DNA mixture, and species specificity according to the conventional validation guidelines. The results indicated that the system was accurate, reliable, and sensitive enough, and was suitable for common forensic case‐type samples. In the population genetic study, a total of 148 alleles were detected at the 18 X‐STR loci in 398 Southern Han Chinese. Relatively high combined power of discrimination in male (PD_m), power of discrimination in female (PD_f), mean paternity exclusion chance in trios (MEC_trio), and mean paternity exclusion chance in duos (MEC_Duo) by Desmarais were detected, and HPRTB‐DXS10103 was in linkage disequilibrium. The results suggested that the TYPER‐X19 multiplex assay was suitable for forensic applications.

中文翻译：

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用于法医应用的新 18 X-STR 分型分析的开发和验证

与常染色体短串联重复序列 (A-STR) 相比，X 染色体 STR (X-STR) 具有独特的遗传模式，在法医关系测试中具有特殊用途。在本研究中，我们设计了一个多重扩增系统（命名为 TYPER-X19 多重分析），由 18 个 STR 基因座组成，这些基因座分布在 X 染色体上的 7.837 至 149.460 Mb（DXS9895、DXS8378、DXS9902、DXS6810、DXS6810、DXS7810、DXS7710、DXS7710 DXS101、DXS6797、DXS7133、DXS6804、GATA165B12、DXS10103、HPRTB、GATA31E08、DXS8377 和 DXS7423）和牙釉蛋白。PCR引物用四种荧光团标记，包括FAM、HEX、TAMRA和ROX。根据常规验证指南，对多重系统进行了优化和测试，以确保其精度、一致性、重现性、灵敏度、稳定性、DNA 混合物和物种特异性。结果表明，该系统准确、可靠、灵敏，适用于常见的法医案件类型样本。在群体遗传研究中，在 398 名南方汉族人的 18 个 X-STR 基因座上共检测到 148 个等位基因。相对较高的男性综合辨别力 (PD_米），在女性（PD识别力_˚F），在平均父排除机会三元组（MEC_三人），和平均父排除机会在二重奏（MEC_铎检测）由戴马雷，和HPRTB-DXS10103是处于连锁不平衡中。结果表明 TYPER-X19 多重检测适用于法医应用。