High ambient temperature is one of the major causes of economic losses in the livestock industry. The poultry industry is an integral part of the livestock industry. It faces severe losses due to heat stress (HS). The adverse effects of HS can be seen on production performance, body temperature, intestinal health, appetite hormone regulation, immune responses and oxidative characteristics. It is important to monitor these parameters to identify the HS possessions during rearing so that timely action can be taken to minimize the adverse effects of high ambient temperature. Furthermore, the application of productive methods on farms is equally important. Several strategies have been suggested by researchers. Providing a suitable environment with selective rearing systems along with proper ventilation and hygiene is the basic requirement for all types of livestock reared for animal protein. Supplementation of appropriate feed additive could be useful for improving intestinal absorption and minimizing adverse effects of HS. Selection for breeding heat resistant birds also provide merits for improving the germplasm of the strains. Early age thermal conditioning also helps in developing resistance for HS. The most recent advancement is the supplementation of active substances during incubation. It is expected that these methods may have a potential impact on the poultry industry for creating thermotolerance in the newly hatched chicks. This review highlights the major issues concerning chicken health and suggests the measures to be adopted following the increase in environmental temperature.

中文翻译：

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家禽热应激管理

环境温度高是造成畜牧业经济损失的主要原因之一。家禽业是畜牧业的一个组成部分。由于热应力 (HS)，它面临着严重的损失。HS 对生产性能、体温、肠道健康、食欲激素调节、免疫反应和氧化特性的不利影响。在饲养过程中监测这些参数以识别 HS 财产非常重要，以便及时采取行动将高环境温度的不利影响降至最低。此外，生产方法在农场的应用也同样重要。研究人员提出了几种策略。通过选择性饲养系统以及适当的通风和卫生提供合适的环境是所有类型的动物蛋白饲养牲畜的基本要求。补充适当的饲料添加剂可用于改善肠道吸收和减少 H2S 的不利影响。选育耐热鸟类也为改良品系种质提供了优势。早期的热调节也有助于产生对 HS 的抵抗力。最新的进展是在孵化过程中补充活性物质。预计这些方法可能对家禽业产生潜在影响，以在新孵化的小鸡中产生耐热性。