BACKGROUND Fats and oils represent the most concentrated source of energy available to animal nutritionists and form an expensive part of the diet. Thorough understanding of lipid quality and composition are required for efficient and precise diet formulation. Therefore, 724 samples of commercially available fats and oils were assessed for fatty acid profile, oxidation status and energetic value as per the Wiseman equation, with consideration of a correction factor K, which is based on the presence of the energy diluting compounds moisture, impurities and unsaponifiables. RESULTS Energy diluting compounds were widespread across fat types and sources. Average MIU presence in individual oils was 5.1-28.1 g/kg. Using the adapted Wiseman equation presented in the current paper, which reflects the energy diluting potential of MIU, the calculated energy values of fats and oils is reduced by up to 46 % in extreme cases compared to those predicted by the original equation. From the chemical parameters, it is clear that there is limited correlation between individual measures of oxidation, with only weak negative correlations between TBA and OSI values (Spearman's ρ between -0.20 and -0.39) and a weak to moderate negative correlation between PV and OSI (Spearman's ρ between -0.20 and -0.59) for certain fats and oils. A moderate to very strong positive correlation between FFA and the energy diluting compounds MIU was observed for all animal fats (Spearman's ρ between 0.40 and 1.00). CONCLUSION The current report highlights the large variation in composition and quality seen in commercially available fats and oils and encourages ongoing analysis and assessment rather than reliance on published values. The results also indicate that the oxidation parameters when interpreted as separate values lack the power of inferring oil and fat quality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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评估用于非反刍动物营养的脂质的质量、氧化状态和膳食能量值

背景脂肪和油是动物营养学家可获得的最集中的能量来源，并且构成饮食的昂贵部分。有效和精确的饮食配方需要彻底了解脂质的质量和组成。因此，根据 Wiseman 方程评估了 724 个市售油脂样品的脂肪酸谱、氧化状态和能量值，并考虑了基于能量稀释化合物水分、杂质的存在的校正因子 K和不皂化物。结果 能量稀释化合物在脂肪类型和来源中广泛存在。单个油中的平均 MIU 为 5.1-28.1 g/kg。使用反映 MIU 能量稀释潜力的当前论文中提出的 Wiseman 方程，在极端情况下，计算出的脂肪和油的能量值与原始方程预测的值相比降低了 46%。从化学参数来看，很明显，各个氧化指标之间的相关性有限，TBA 和 OSI 值之间只有微弱的负相关（Spearman 的 ρ 在 -0.20 和 -0.39 之间），PV 和 OSI 之间存在弱到中等的负相关（Spearman 的 ρ 在 -0.20 和 -0.59 之间）对于某些脂肪和油。对于所有动物脂肪（Spearman 的 ρ 在 0.40 和 1.00 之间），观察到 FFA 和能量稀释化合物 MIU 之间存在中度到非常强的正相关。结论 本报告强调了市售油脂在成分和质量方面的巨大差异，并鼓励持续分析和评估，而不是依赖已公布的数值。结果还表明，氧化参数在解释为单独的值时缺乏推断油和脂肪质量的能力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。