The low magnetic field in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) zone facilitates the entrance of high-energy particles from the magnetosphere. When particles that are drifting in closed orbits around the Earth reach the SAA zone, they can be quasi-trapped instead of being trapped in a stable way or precipitating. The effects over the total column ozone (TCO), NO x (= NO + NO 2 ) and ozone profiles in the SAA zone during and after two intense geomagnetic storms that occurred during solar cycle 23 are analyzed in this work. The two periods occurred on November 20, 2003, and on November 08, 2004, during spring in the South American sector. Data of the Total Column Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) Merged Ozone Data and Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS-HALOE) are used. Three stations located in the SAA zone are chosen for the analysis with TOMS and SBUV data. During both storms, a statistically significant TOC decrease is observed. In the 2003 storm, the decrease reached values between −4.4 % and −6.0% one week after the day of the minimum value of the disturbance storm time (Dst) index, and in the 2004 storm the decrease is observed on November 17, with a value of the order of −4.0% over the three stations. In the case of ozone profiles from SBUV data, between 0.639 hPa and 101.3 hPa, a significant increase at middle stratospheric heights during both storms is detected. The following days also show significant decreases in the middle and lower stratosphere for the 2003 storm. On the other hand, from UARS-HALOE data, we observe that for both storms, the profiles of the relative difference of NO x show significant increases between 25 and 40 km, but ozone profiles do not present significant changes for the analyzed storms

中文翻译：

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地磁风暴会影响南大西洋异常区的平流层 O3 和 NOx 吗？

南大西洋异常区 (SAA) 的低磁场有利于高能粒子从磁层进入。当在地球周围封闭轨道上漂移的粒子到达 SAA 区域时，它们可能会被准捕获，而不是以稳定的方式被捕获或沉淀。这项工作分析了在太阳活动周期 23 期间发生的两次强烈地磁风暴期间和之后对 SAA 区总柱状臭氧 (TCO)、NO x (= NO + NO 2 ) 和臭氧分布的影响。这两个时期分别发生在 2003 年 11 月 20 日和 2004 年 11 月 8 日，南美地区的春季。使用了总柱臭氧映射光谱仪 (TOMS)、太阳背散射紫外线 (SBUV) 合并臭氧数据和高层大气研究卫星 (UARS-HALOE) 的数据。选择位于 SAA 区域的三个站点进行 TOMS 和 SBUV 数据分析。在两次风暴期间，观察到具有统计意义的 TOC 下降。在 2003 年风暴中，在扰动风暴时间 (Dst) 指数最小值出现一周后的一周内下降值达到 -4.4% 和 -6.0% 之间，而在 2004 年风暴中，在 11 月 17 日观察到下降值，其中三个站点上的 -4.0% 数量级的值。在来自 SBUV 数据的臭氧剖面的情况下，在 0.639 hPa 和 101.3 hPa 之间，检测到两次风暴期间平流层中部高度的显着增加。接下来的几天也显示出 2003 年风暴在平流层中层和低层的显着减少。另一方面，从 UARS-HALOE 数据中，我们观察到，对于这两个风暴，