Agricultural residues could become feedstocks for biobased products as they are renewable, carbon neutral, and do not compete with food. In India, > 130 MT rice straw is available annually for alternate uses. Exploiting this abundant biomass for biochemical production will pave way for bio-based economy. Rice straw is highly recalcitrant due to lignin-carbohydrate complex and high ash. For production of value added products, the cellulose fraction is very important and also lignin can be used. However, for overall economic efficiency, it is imperative to separate and recover these fractions maximally from biomass and convert them into high value products at high titers and efficiency. Biomass has to be deconstructed to access these fractions. An improvised pretreatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) coupled with acidified water wash enabled high retrieval of cellulose and lignin. More than 80% of cellulose present in raw rice straw was recovered in pretreated solids and lignin (> 65%) recovered from acidification of alkali prehydrolysates/wash waters. Enzymatic hydrolysis of solids with commercial cellulases resulted in 80–100% glucan conversion at 6% and 3% loading respectively yielding ~ 5.5% and 3.3% sugar syrups which can be fermented to value added chemicals. Saccharomyces cerevisiae LN fermented hydrolysates with 77–97% efficiency producing 0.508 gg⁻¹ and 0.403 gg⁻¹ethanol within 24 h consuming all glucose while xylose was unutilized. Material calculations showed that this process converted 63% of cellulose present in rice straw to ethanol potentially yielding 135 L ethanol and ~ 100 Kg lignin per ton of rice straw with limited water use.

农业残留物可以成为生物基产品的原料，因为它们具有可再生性，碳中和且不与食品竞争。在印度，每年有130吨以上的稻草可供其他用途。开发这种丰富的生物质用于生化生产将为基于生物的经济铺平道路。由于木质素-碳水化合物复合物和高灰分，稻草具有极高的抵抗力。对于增值产品的生产，纤维素部分非常重要，也可以使用木质素。然而，为了整体经济效率，必须从生物质中最大程度地分离和回收这些馏分，并以高滴定度和效率将其转化为高价值产品。必须解构生物质才能获得这些馏分。氢氧化钠（NaOH）的简易预处理与酸化水洗相结合，可以使纤维素和木质素的回收率更高。稻草秸秆中存在的纤维素中有80％以上是从预处理的固体中回收的，而木质素（> 65％）是从碱金属预水解液/洗涤水的酸化中回收的。用商业纤维素酶对固体进行酶水解，分别在6％和3％的装载量下可产生80-100％的葡聚糖转化率，分别产生约5.5％和3.3％的糖浆，可发酵成高附加值的化学品。酿酒酵母LN发酵水解产物的效率为77–97％，在24小时内产生0.508 gg ^-1和0.403 gg ^-1的乙醇，消耗了所有葡萄糖，而未利用木糖。物质计算表明，该过程将稻草中存在的63％的纤维素转化为乙醇，每吨稻草可能产生135 L乙醇和〜100 Kg木质素，而用水量有限。