A longitudinal study was carried out in order to evaluate Nosema spp. spore counts in two key moments of the year (late autumn and spring) in honeybee colonies from five eco-regions of Argentina. Three hundred and sixty colonies were randomly selected and the infestation level of Nosema spp. and Varroa destructor was assessed in autumn and spring of 2015. In addition, a questionnaire concerning all management practices applied in the colonies was answered by the beekeepers. Generalized linear mixed effect models were performed to determine the relationship between risk factors associated with Nosema spp. spore counts in each eco-region. Data were scanned to identify colonies cluster with a higher probability of achieving high values of Nosema spp. abundance for each sampling period. Spatial distribution of colonies with a higher risk of achieving high Nosema spp. abundance seems to be explained by geographical conditions associated to climatic conditions and some management practices implemented in each eco-region.

中文翻译：

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在阿根廷与 Nosema ceranae 存在相关的环境条件和养蜂实践

进行了一项纵向研究以评估 Nosema spp。来自阿根廷五个生态区的蜜蜂群在一年中的两个关键时刻（深秋和春季）的孢子计数。随机选择了 360 个菌落，Nosema spp 的侵染水平。和 Varroa destructor 于 2015 年秋季和春季进行了评估。此外，养蜂人回答了有关蜂群中所有管理实践的调查问卷。进行广义线性混合效应模型以确定与 Nosema spp 相关的风险因素之间的关系。每个生态区的孢子数。扫描数据以识别具有更高概率获得 Nosema spp 高值的菌落集群。每个采样周期的丰度。具有更高风险的菌落的空间分布。与气候条件相关的地理条件和每个生态区实施的一些管理做法似乎可以解释丰度。