Lower urinary tract symptoms are highly prevalent and closely related to patients' quality of life. Clinical research on urologic disease is essential for accumulating evidence on patient management; however, the major obstacle is converting patients' subjective symptoms to objective parameters. The optimal application of well-developed and validated questionnaires is vital in achieving objectivity and minimizing bias in clinical research. Numerous questionnaires for measuring symptoms and quality of life in urologic diseases have been developed worldwide; however, they cannot be directly used in clinical studies without validation processes. This review aimed to explain the common procedures for translation, linguistic, and psychometric validation of developed questionnaires from other languages. Furthermore, we comprehensively reviewed currently available questionnaires for evaluating lower urinary tract symptoms in the Korean population.

中文翻译：

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下尿路症状临床研究问卷的有效应用的全面审查以及韩语翻译和文化适应。

下尿路症状非常普遍，与患者的生活质量密切相关。泌尿系统疾病的临床研究对于积累患者管理的证据至关重要；然而，主要的障碍是将患者的主观症状转化为客观参数。完善且经过验证的问卷的最佳应用对于实现临床研究的客观性和最大限度地减少偏差至关重要。世界范围内已经开发了许多用于测量泌尿系统疾病症状和生活质量的调查问卷；然而，未经验证过程，它们不能直接用于临床研究。本综述旨在解释对其他语言开发的问卷进行翻译、语言和心理测量验证的常见程序。此外，我们全面审查了目前可用的用于评估韩国人群下尿路症状的调查问卷。