In this article, using a novel, annual cross‐country panel dataset that covers 160 economies from 1950 to 2016, we examine the association between the size of the informal sector and various indicators of sustainable development. The range of indicators encompasses health‐related, economic, environmental, education, and social variables. Our results suggest that the size of the informal sector is negatively associated with GDP per capita, carbon dioxide emissions per capita, education, educational attainment, life expectancy, and access to safe drinking water, and positively related to female labor force participation rate, poverty rates, mortality rates, and air pollution. We also find that these empirical associations significantly interact with GDP per capita, indicating that the effect of larger informal sector size is stronger in less developed economies.

中文翻译：

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非正式性是可持续发展的障碍吗？

在本文中，我们使用了一个新颖的年度跨国小组数据集，涵盖了1950年至2016年的160个经济体，我们研究了非正规部门规模与各种可持续发展指标之间的关联。指标范围包括与健康有关的，经济，环境，教育和社会变量。我们的结果表明，非正规部门的规模与人均国内生产总值，人均二氧化碳排放量，教育程度，教育程度，预期寿命和获得安全饮水负相关，与女性劳动力参与率，贫困成正比率，死亡率和空气污染。我们还发现，这些经验关联与人均GDP显着相关，