The climate change countermovement (CCCM) in the United States has exerted an important influence on delaying efforts to address climate change. Analyses of this countermovement have primarily focused on the role of conservative think tanks. Expanding this research, this article initiates an examination of the structure of key political coalitions that worked to oppose climate action. In conjunction with their allied trade associations, these coalitions have served as a central coordination mechanism in efforts opposed to mandatory limits on carbon emissions. These coalitions pool resources from a large number of corporations and execute sophisticated political and cultural campaigns designed to oppose efforts to address climate change. Through an analysis of twelve prominent CCCM coalitions from 1989 to 2015, I show that over 2,000 organizations were members of these coalitions and that a core of 179 organizations belonged to multiple coalitions. Organizations from the coal and electrical utility sectors were the most numerous and influential organizations in these coalitions. The article concludes with suggestions for further research to expand understanding of complex social movements and countermovements.

中文翻译：

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反对派网络：1989-2015 年美国气候变化反运动联盟的结构分析

美国的气候变化反运动（CCCM）对延缓应对气候变化的努力产生了重要影响。对这种逆向运动的分析主要集中在保守派智库的作用上。为了扩展这项研究，本文开始对致力于反对气候行动的关键政治联盟的结构进行审查。这些联盟与其联盟的贸易协会一起，在反对强制限制碳排放的努力中充当了中央协调机制。这些联盟汇集了大量公司的资源，并开展旨在反对应对气候变化的努力的复杂政治和文化运动。通过对 1989 年至 2015 年 12 个著名的 CCCM 联盟的分析，我表明超过 2 个，000 个组织是这些联盟的成员，其中 179 个组织的核心属于多个联盟。来自煤炭和电力公用事业部门的组织是这些联盟中数量最多、影响力最大的组织。文章最后提出了进一步研究的建议，以扩大对复杂社会运动和反运动的理解。