Places affected or threatened by extreme environmental disturbances confront a number of significant issues, including whether their populations will stay the same or change through migration. Research on Hurricanes Katrina and Rita shows some displaced residents returned to their disaster‐affected communities once the built environment was restored, new migrants settled in affected places as part of the rebuilding effort, and the regional migration system grew more urbanized and spatially concentrated during post‐disaster years. Research also shows that not all disaster‐affected places recovered their populations. Our study examines whether differential recovery is systematically patterned along the rural–urban gradient. Using U.S. Census Bureau estimates and IRS county‐to‐county migration data, we investigate whether the 2005 hurricane season differentially exacerbated or altered previous migration trends across a rural–urban gradient that incorporates proximity to metropolitan areas and disaster‐related housing loss. We find a rural–urban differential in Gulf Coast recovery migration: The disaster boosted migration among non‐metropolitan counties, yet these increases were smaller and short‐lived compared to the patterns found for metropolitan counties, most especially high loss metropolitan counties. Our findings encourage theories of environmental migration to incorporate spatial differentiation and scenarios of environmental changes to account for differential impacts on settlement patterns across the rural–urban continuum.

中文翻译：

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城乡梯度上的差异性恢复迁移：受灾农村墨西哥湾沿岸县的最小和短期人口增长

受极端环境干扰影响或威胁的地方面临着许多重大问题，包括其人口是否会保持不变或通过迁移而发生变化。对卡特里娜和丽塔飓风的研究表明，一旦建成环境恢复，一些流离失所的居民就返回了受灾社区，作为重建工作的一部分，新的移民在受影响的地区定居，并且区域移民系统在灾后变得更加城市化和空间集中。 ‐灾难年。研究还表明，并非所有受灾地区的人口都已恢复。我们的研究检验了差异恢复是否沿着城乡梯度系统地形成。利用美国人口普查局的估计和国税局的县际移民数据，我们调查了 2005 年飓风季节是否不同程度地加剧或改变了之前跨越城乡梯度的移民趋势，其中包括邻近大都市区和与灾害相关的住房损失。我们发现墨西哥湾沿岸恢复迁移存在城乡差异：灾难促进了非大都市县的迁移，但与大都市县（尤其是高损失大都市县）的模式相比，这些增长幅度较小且短暂。我们的研究结果鼓励环境迁移理论将空间分异和环境变化情景结合起来，以解释对城乡连续体聚落模式的不同影响。