Transformative agreements, also known as ‘offsetting’, ‘read and publish’, or ‘publish and read’ agreements, have shifted the focus of scholarly journal licensing from cost containment towards open access publication. An analysis of 36 full‐text transformative agreements recorded in the ESAC registry shows that ‘transformative agreement’ is an umbrella term that encompasses different kinds of contracts. We differentiate between pre‐transformative, partially transformative, and fully transformative agreements. Pre‐transformative agreements are traditional subscription licences that grant article processing charge (APC) discounts or vouchers for open access publication of a limited number of articles. Partially transformative agreements differentiate between a read fee and a publish fee to cover the processing charges of a certain number of articles. Fully transformative agreements allow unlimited open access publication of the scholarly output of the subscribing institution. In all three categories, some agreements restrict open access publication to hybrid journals, whereas others allow publication in both hybrid and gold journals. Transformative agreements are more transparent than traditional journal licences, allow authors to retain copyright, and make provisions to facilitate the management of open access workflows. It is hard to assess whether these agreements are just a temporary phase in the transition towards open access or will perpetuate the current structure of the scholarly communication system and its associated high costs.

中文翻译：

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变革性协议：它们是否为开放获取铺平了道路？

转换协议，也称为“抵消”，“阅读和出版”或“出版和阅读”协议，已将学术期刊许可的重点从成本控制转向开放获取出版物。对ESAC注册中心中记录的36条全文转换协议的分析表明，“转换协议”是一个涵盖了各种合同的总称。我们区分变革前协议，部分变革协议和完全变革协议。转换前协议是传统的订阅许可证，可授予文章处理费（APC）折扣或代金券，以开放方式发布数量有限的文章。部分变革性协议区分了阅读费和出版费，以涵盖一定数量文章的处理费。完全的变革性协议允许订阅机构的学术成果无限制地公开发布。在所有这三个类别中，有些协议将开放获取出版物限制为混合期刊，而另一些协议则允许同时在混合期刊和黄金期刊上发表。转换协议比传统的期刊许可更加透明，允许作者保留版权，并制定条款以促进开放访问工作流程的管理。很难评估这些协议仅仅是向开放获取过渡的一个临时阶段，还是将延续学术交流系统的当前结构及其相关的高昂费用。有些协议将开放获取出版物限制为混合期刊，而另一些协议则允许同时在混合期刊和黄金期刊上发表。转换协议比传统的期刊许可更加透明，允许作者保留版权，并制定条款以促进开放访问工作流程的管理。很难评估这些协议仅仅是向开放获取过渡的一个临时阶段，还是将延续学术交流系统的当前结构及其相关的高昂费用。有些协议将开放获取出版物限制为混合期刊，而另一些协议则允许同时在混合期刊和黄金期刊上发表。转换协议比传统的期刊许可更加透明，允许作者保留版权，并制定条款以促进开放访问工作流程的管理。很难评估这些协议仅仅是向开放获取过渡的一个临时阶段，还是将延续学术交流系统的当前结构及其相关的高昂费用。并做出规定以促进开放访问工作流程的管理。很难评估这些协议仅仅是向开放获取过渡的一个临时阶段，还是将延续学术交流系统的当前结构及其相关的高昂费用。并做出规定以促进开放访问工作流程的管理。很难评估这些协议仅仅是向开放获取过渡的一个临时阶段，还是将延续学术交流系统的当前结构及其相关的高昂费用。