This paper explores how the Protestant traditions of Calvinist Presbyterianism and Lutheranism have shaped church‐state relations differently in Scotland and Sweden, resulting in different understandings of the role of the state and civil society in public welfare. It finds that high levels of public trust in the state's authority and state intervention in Sweden can be traced back to Lutheran doctrine and institutionally close links between the Swedish Church and the state, while in Scotland trusting independent civil society and its responsibility for welfare reflects the distance of the Presbyterian Scottish Kirk from the state both in theological and institutional terms.

中文翻译：

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瑞典人为何信任国家而苏格兰人不信任：现代福利制度的新教根源探究

本文探讨了加尔文长老会和路德教会的新教传统如何在苏格兰和瑞典不同地塑造了教会与国家之间的关系，从而导致人们对国家和公民社会在公共福利中的作用有了不同的理解。它发现，瑞典对国家权威和国家干预的高度公共信任可以追溯到路德教义和瑞典教会与国家之间在制度上的紧密联系，而在苏格兰，信任独立的民间社会及其对福利的责任反映了长老会苏格兰柯克在神学和制度上与国家的距离。