This paper examines the historical development, growth, and contemporary articulations of the Bhumihar caste associations in Bihar by focusing on their relationship with land, political economy, and ideological orientations. As a landowning upper caste, the Bhumihars negotiated with a host of structural as well socio‐political transformations in the state primarily by constructing the self‐image of a warrior caste holding a Brahmin status. The paper in particular examines the impact of land reforms, violence unleashed by the Bhumihar caste militia during the agrarian unrest and the rise of Backward Caste mobilisation followed by the Hindutva mobilisation on the changing articulation of the Bhumihar caste associations. The paper also focuses on the emergence of the Bhumihar middle class and points out that through a visible process of culturalisation, the Bhumihars are able to maintain their exclusivity and purported superiority in the contemporary Bihar society even while upholding the mantle of Hindutva unity along with other lower castes.

中文翻译：

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协会结构及其他：印度比哈尔邦的Bhumihar种姓协会的演变和当代表达

本文着眼于比哈尔邦的Bhumihar种姓协会的历史发展，增长和当代话语，着眼于它们与土地，政治经济和意识形态取向的关系。作为土地上的种姓，普密哈尔人主要通过建立拥有婆罗门身份的战士种姓的自我形象，与该州的一系列结构性以及社会政治变革进行谈判。该论文特别研究了土地改革的影响，普密哈尔种姓民兵在农业动荡期间所发动的暴力以及后裔种姓动员的兴起以及兴都瓦族动员后对普密哈尔种姓协会变化的表达的影响。