Slum upgrading programmes are high on the international community’s agenda. Yet their impact evaluations remain few and far between, especially when the programmes include different components such as roads, water supply, electricity, and community facilities. In addition, employment is rarely considered as an outcome in the evaluation of slum upgrading programmes, although it is often one of the main priorities of slum upgrading policies. This article analyses the effects on employment of such a programme in a Djibouti slum. It uses a difference-in-difference approach to evaluate the average impact and heterogeneous effects of the programme. We find that the project is unlikely to have improved access to employment in general and to formal wage jobs in particular, as was expected at the start of the project. It has also failed to increase earned income. Nonetheless, we show that self-employed activities have developed, more particularly in places adjacent to the project roads.

贫民窟改造方案在国际社会的议程中占据重要位置。然而，他们的影响评估仍然很少，而且相差甚远，特别是当计划包括道路，供水，电力和社区设施等不同组成部分时。此外，在贫民窟改造方案评估中，很少将就业作为结果，尽管它通常是贫民窟改造政策的主要优先事项之一。本文分析了吉布提贫民窟这种方案对就业的影响。它使用差异中的方法来评估该计划的平均影响和异构影响。我们发现，该项目不太可能像项目开始时那样，改善一般的就业机会，尤其是正规的有薪工作。它也没有增加收入。尽管如此，我们表明，个体经营活动已经发展，尤其是在项目道路附近的地方。