Survey interviewers can negatively affect survey data by introducing variance and bias into estimates. When investigating these interviewer effects, research typically focuses on interviewer sociodemographics with only a few studies examining the effects of characteristics that are not directly visible such as interviewer attitudes, opinions, and personality. For the study at hand, self-reports of 1,212 respondents and 116 interviewers, as well as their interpersonal perceptions of each other, were collected in a large-scale, face-to-face survey of households in Germany. Respondents and interviewers were presented with the same questions regarding their opinions and mutual perceptions toward social and political issues in Germany. Analyses show that interviewer effects can be largely explained by how an interviewer is seen by respondents. This indicates that some respondents adjust their answers toward anticipated interviewer opinions. Survey practitioners ought to acknowledge this in their survey design and training of interviewers.

通过向估计中引入方差和偏差，调查访调员可能会对调查数据产生负面影响。在调查这些访调员的影响时，研究通常集中于访调员的社会人口统计学，只有少数研究检查了不直接可见的特征（如访调员的态度，观点和个性）的影响。在手头的研究中，通过对德国家庭进行的大规模面对面调查，收集了1,212名受访者和116名访问者的自我报告，以及他们之间的人际关系。受访者和访问者在德国对社会和政治问题的看法和相互看法方面也面临相同的问题。分析表明，访调员的影响在很大程度上可以由受访者如何看待访调员来解释。这表明一些受访者会根据预期的访问员意见调整其答案。调查从业人员在调查设计和访问员培训中应该承认这一点。