Immunotherapy has emerged as a potent and effective treatment for multiple cancer types and the engineering of T cells through the expression of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against tumors has shown remarkable potentials. This review outlined clinical applications of CAR-T cell therapy in hematological malignancies and solid tumors, with a focus on the main challenges related to the safety and efficacy of the current CAR-T cell therapy and the promising strategies to maximize the anti-tumor efficacy while minimizing the adverse events. Finally, we presented future outlook of CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment against malignancies and believe the potential issues will be overcame by the developed strategies to further facilitate the effective clinical translation and improve the efficacy, especially through the combination of different approaches.

中文翻译：

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CAR-T细胞疗法的挑战与优化

免疫疗法已成为多种癌症类型的有效治疗方法，并且通过表达针对肿瘤的嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) 来改造 T 细胞已显示出显着的潜力。本综述概述了 CAR-T 细胞疗法在血液系统恶性肿瘤和实体瘤中的临床应用，重点关注与当前 CAR-T 细胞疗法的安全性和有效性相关的主要挑战以及最大限度提高抗肿瘤疗效的有前景的策略同时尽量减少不良事件。最后，我们提出了 CAR-T 细胞疗法用于治疗恶性肿瘤的未来前景，并相信开发的策略将克服潜在的问题，以进一步促进有效的临床转化和提高疗效，