The association between breakfast skipping and abnormal metabolic outcomes remains controversial. A comprehensive study with various stratified data is required. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between abnormal metabolic outcomes and breakfast skipping by sex, age, and work status stratification. We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2013 to 2018. A total of 21,193 (9022 men and 12,171 women) participants were included in the final analysis. The risk of metabolic outcomes linked to breakfast skipping was estimated using the negative binomial regression analysis by sex, work status, and age stratification. A total of 11,952 (56.4%) participants consumed breakfast regularly. The prevalence of abnormal metabolic outcomes was higher among those with irregular breakfast consumption habits. Among young male workers, negative binomial regression analysis showed that irregular breakfast eaters had a higher risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes, after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.27). The risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes was significant in young men in the working population. Further studies are required to understand the association of specific working conditions (working hours or shift work) with breakfast intake status and the risk of metabolic diseases.

中文翻译：

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按性别，年龄和工作状态分层，不吃早餐与代谢结果之间的关联

跳过早餐与异常代谢结果之间的关联仍存在争议。需要对各种分层数据进行全面研究。这项研究的目的是研究性别，年龄和工作状态分层对异常代谢结果与不吃早餐之间的关系。我们使用了2013年至2018年韩国国家健康与营养调查的数据。最终分析中总共包括21,193名（9022名男性和12,171名女性）参与者。通过性别，工作状态和年龄分层，使用负二项式回归分析来估计与不吃早餐有关的代谢结果的风险。共有11,952名（56.4％）参与者定期食用早餐。有不规律的早餐饮食习惯的人代谢异常的发生率更高。在年轻男性工人中，二项式负回归分析显示，不定期吃早餐的人在校正协变量后有较高的异常代谢结果风险（优势比，1.15； 95％置信区间，1.03-1.27）。在工作人群中，年轻人代谢异常的风险很高。需要做进一步的研究，以了解特定工作条件（工作时间或轮班工作）与早餐摄入状况和代谢疾病风险之间的关系。95％置信区间（1.03-1.27）。在工作人群中，年轻人代谢异常的风险很高。需要做进一步的研究，以了解特定工作条件（工作时间或轮班工作）与早餐摄入状况和代谢疾病风险之间的关系。95％置信区间（1.03-1.27）。在工作人群中，年轻人代谢异常的风险很高。需要做进一步的研究，以了解特定工作条件（工作时间或轮班工作）与早餐摄入状况和代谢疾病风险之间的关系。