Soil salinization is a major threat to wheat production. It is essential to understand the genetic basis of salt tolerance for breeding and selecting new salt-tolerant cultivars that have the potential to increase wheat yield. In this study, a panel of 191 wheat accessions was subjected to genome wide association study (GWAS) to identify SNP markers linked with adult-stage characters. The population was genotyped by Wheat660K SNP array and eight phenotype traits were investigated under low and high salinity environments for three consecutive years. A total of 389 SNPs representing 11 QTLs were significantly associated with plant height, spike number, spike length, grain number, thousand kernels weight, yield and biological mass under different salt treatments, with the phenotypic explanation rate (R2) ranging from 9.14 to 50.45%. Of these, repetitive and pleiotropic loci on chromosomes 4A, 5A, 5B and 7A were significantly linked to yield and yield related traits such as thousand kernels weight, spike number, spike length, grain number and so on under low salinity conditions. Spike length-related loci were mainly located on chromosomes 1B, 3B, 5B and 7A under different salt treatments. Two loci on chromosome 4D and 5A were related with plant height in low and high salinity environment, respectively. Three salt-tolerant related loci were confirmed to be important in two bi-parental populations. Distribution of favorable haplotypes indicated that superior haplotypes of pleiotropic loci on group-5 chromosomes were strongly selected and had potential for increasing wheat salt tolerance. A total of 14 KASP markers were developed for nine loci associating with yield and related traits to improve the selection efficiency of wheat salt-tolerance breeding. Utilizing a Wheat660K SNPs chip, QTLs for yield and its related traits were detected under salt treatment in a natural wheat population. Important salt-tolerant related loci were validated in RIL and DH populations. This study provided reliable molecular markers that could be crucial for marker-assisted selection in wheat salt tolerance breeding programs.

中文翻译：

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盐胁迫条件下普通小麦产量及相关性状的全基因组关联研究

土壤盐渍化是小麦生产的主要威胁。必须了解耐盐性的遗传基础，以培育和选择具有提高小麦产量潜力的新耐盐品种。在这项研究中，对 191 个小麦种质进行了全基因组关联研究 (GWAS)，以确定与成年期特征相关的 SNP 标记。通过Wheat660K SNP阵列对种群进行基因分型，连续3年在低盐度和高盐度环境下研究8个表型性状。代表11个QTL的389个SNP与不同盐处理下的株高、穗数、穗长、粒数、千粒重、产量和生物质量显着相关，表型解释率（R2）为9.14~50.45 %。这些，4A、5A、5B和7A染色体上的重复和多效性位点与低盐度条件下千粒重、穗数、穗长、粒数等产量和产量相关性状显着相关。穗长相关位点主要位于不同盐处理下的1B、3B、5B和7A染色体上。4D和5A染色体上的两个基因座分别与低盐度和高盐度环境下的株高有关。三个耐盐相关位点被证实在两个双亲群体中很重要。有利单倍型的分布表明，第 5 组染色体上多效性位点的优良单倍型被强烈选择，并具有提高小麦耐盐性的潜力。针对9个与产量及相关性状相关的位点共开发了14个KASP标记，以提高小麦耐盐育种的选择效率。利用Wheat660K SNPs芯片，在天然小麦群体中检测盐处理下产量及其相关性状的QTL。在 RIL 和 DH 群体中验证了重要的耐盐相关位点。这项研究提供了可靠的分子标记，这对于小麦耐盐育种计划中的标记辅助选择至关重要。