The excessive depletion of fossil fuels and consequent energy crisis combined with environmental issues call for inexhaustible, clean and renewable energy sources and environmentally friendly energy technologies, such as solar energy and novel electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Developing supporting platforms for energy conversion and storage ameliorating mass transfer and electron transfer has stepped into the center of the energy research arena. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging crystalline porous materials linked via covalent bonding possessing flexible molecular design and synthetic strategies, high conjugated and modifiable structures, large surface area and porosity. Due to these merits, COFs have shown promising perspectives in energy applications including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, supercapacitors, metal-ion/sulfur batteries, etc. This critical review imparts a comprehensive summary of the fast-developing COF field in terms of molecular design and subsequent synthetic strategies to prepare COFs with highly conjugated and modifiable structures and their applications in energy conversion and storage. Furthermore, challenges and perspectives according to previous contributions are also discussed for developing more efficient energy conversion and storage COF materials. It is anticipated that this review could boost further research enthusiasm for COF-based materials in energy applications.

中文翻译：

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基于共价有机框架的能源应用材料

化石燃料的过度消耗和随之而来的能源危机，再加上环境问题，要求取之不尽，用之不竭的清洁和可再生能源以及环境友好型能源技术，例如太阳能和新型电化学能转换和存储设备。为改善能量转移和电子转移而开发的能量转换和存储支持平台已成为能源研究领域的中心。共价有机骨架（COF）是新兴的结晶多孔材料，通过共价键具有灵活的分子设计和合成策略，高共轭和可修饰的结构，大表面积和孔隙率。由于这些优点，COF在能源应用中显示出令人鼓舞的前景，包括光催化，电催化，超级电容器，金属离子/硫电池等。这篇重要的评论文章就分子设计和随后的合成策略，对快速发展的COF领域进行了全面总结，以制备具有高度共轭和可修饰结构的COF及其在能量转换和存储中的应用。此外，还讨论了根据以前的贡献提出的挑战和观点，以开发更有效的能量转换和存储COF材料。可以预料的是，这项审查可以提高在能源应用中基于COF的材料的进一步研究热情。