Plastic pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems facing the world. In recent years, microplastics, polymer particles from 1 µm to 5 mm, have been getting much attention. The presence of microplastics has already been confirmed in aquatic and marine ecosystems, soil, atmosphere, biota, and others. The organic output from mechanical–biological treatment (MBT) plants was added to the list of microplastics sources only recently. However, according to preliminary estimates, it may be the second-largest source of microplastics. This article presents an overview of already published investigations on this microplastics source and explains the supposed pathway of microplastics in the MBT plants. The main waste treatment processes that can affect the amount of microplastics in the organic output have been identified as shredding, sieving and, to a lesser extent, aerobic or anaerobic processing. This mini-review also includes methods used in the scientific literature for microplastics extraction, purification, and identification in organic-rich samples, their advantages and limitations. Particular attention is paid to the methods of identifying the small microplastics, less than 1 mm, since the methods for particles 1−5 mm have been more extensively studied. Furthermore, future research needs are highlighted.

塑料污染是世界面临的最大环境问题之一。近年来，微塑料，聚合物颗粒从1  µ米到5毫米，已经引起了广泛的关注。在水生和海洋生态系统，土壤，大气，生物群及其他生物中已经证实存在微塑料。机械生物处理（MBT）工厂的有机产品直到最近才被添加到微塑料来源列表中。但是，根据初步估计，它可能是第二大的微塑料来源。本文概述了有关这种微塑料来源的已发表研究，并解释了MBT植物中微塑料的假定途径。可以影响有机产品中微塑料量的主要废物处理过程已被确认为切碎，筛分，以及较小程度的需氧或厌氧处理。这份小型综述还包括科学文献中用于富含有机物样品中微塑料提取，纯化和鉴定的方法，它们的优点和局限性。尤其要注意识别小于1毫米的小型微塑料的方法，因为对1-5毫米颗粒的方法已经进行了广泛的研究。此外，突出了未来的研究需求。