Background:

We aim to describe the long term follow-up of a cohort of children exposed in utero to the Zika virus.

Methods:

Descriptive study of a cohort of microcephalic children due to Zika virus. Logistic regression was used to evaluate variables associated with worse prognosis epilepsy.

Results:

We followed 28 children (15 females), with a median follow-up of 24 months (IQR = 12-28). During the follow-up, 1 infant died. The median head circumference at birth was 29 cm (IQR = 27-31). All presented a global developmental delay. The most frequent central nervous system abnormalities were on cortical development in 22 participants; dysgenesis of corpus callosum in 13; ventriculomegaly in 25; and calcifications in 24. A total of 9 presented ocular abnormalities, 4 auditory impairment. During follow-up, 12 presented with sleep disorders, 10 with irritability, and 23 with epilepsy (2 with generalized tonic-clonic, 3 with generalized tonic-clonic and spasms, 12 with spasms, 3 tonic and spasms, and 3 motor focal and spasms). The median age at the begin of the epilepsy was 4 months (IQR = 2-10), the median number of drugs used to control the epilepsy was 2 (IQR = 2-3). Maternal illicit drug use during pregnancy was associated with worse prognosis epilepsy (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, West syndrome, or status epilepticus). A total of 19 presented with dysphagia, 10 children required gastrostomy.

Conclusion:

Children with microcephaly due to Zika virus presented with several complications during follow-up, as epilepsy, spastic diplegia, and global developmental delay.

中文翻译：

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寨卡病毒感染相关先天性小头畸形患者的并发症和后遗症：两年随访

背景：

我们旨在描述一组在子宫内暴露于寨卡病毒的儿童的长期随访情况。

方法：

寨卡病毒引起的小头儿童队列的描述性研究。逻辑回归用于评估与预后较差的癫痫相关的变量。

结果：

我们跟踪了 28 名儿童（15 名女性），中位随访时间为 24 个月（IQR = 12-28）。随访期间，1名婴儿死亡。出生时头围中位数为 29 厘米（IQR = 27-31）。所有这些都呈现出全球性的发育迟缓。最常见的中枢神经系统异常是 22 名参与者的皮质发育；13 胼胝体发育不全；25 脑室扩大；及钙化24例。共出现眼部异常9例，听觉障碍4例。随访期间，12 例出现睡眠障碍，10 例出现烦躁，23 例出现癫痫（2 例全身强直-阵挛，3 例全身强直-阵挛和痉挛，12 例出现痉挛，3 例强直和痉挛，3 例运动局灶性和痉挛。痉挛）。癫痫发作的中位年龄为 4 个月（IQR = 2-10），用于控制癫痫的药物的中位数为 2 (IQR = 2-3)。孕妇在怀孕期间使用非法药物与较差的癫痫预后相关（Lennox-Gastaut 综合征、West 综合征或癫痫持续状态）。共有 19 人出现吞咽困难，10 名儿童需要胃造口术。

结论：

寨卡病毒导致的小头畸形儿童在随访期间出现了多种并发症，如癫痫、痉挛性瘫痪和整体发育迟缓。