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A suite of rare microbes interacts with a dominant, heritable, fungal endophyte to influence plant trait expression
bioRxiv - Ecology Pub Date : 2021-02-17 , DOI: 10.1101/608729
Joshua G. Harrison , Lyra P. Beltran , C. Alex Buerkle , Daniel Cook , Dale R. Gardner , Thomas L. Parchman , Matthew L. Forister

Endophytes are microbes that live, for at least a portion of their life history, within plant tissues. Endophyte assemblages are often composed of a few abundant taxa and many infrequently-observed, rare taxa. The ways in which most endophytes affect host phenotype are unknown; however, certain dominant endophytes can influence plants in ecologically meaningful ways--including by affecting growth and contributing to immune responses. In contrast, the effects of rare endophytes have been unexplored, and how rare and common endophytes might interact is also unknown. Here, we manipulate both the suite of rare foliar endophytes (including both fungi and bacteria) and Alternaria fulva--a dominant, vertically-transmitted fungus--within the fabaceous forb Astragalus lentiginosus. We report that rare, low-biomass endophytes affected host size and foliar %N, but only when the dominant fungal endophyte (A. fulva) was not present. A. fulva also reduced plant size and %N, but these deleterious effects on the host could be offset by a striking antagonism we observed between this heritable fungus and a foliar pathogen. These results are unusual in that they are derived from experimental manipulation in a non-crop or non-grass system and demonstrate that interactions among taxa determine the net effect of endophytic assemblages on their hosts. We suggest that the myriad infrequently-observed endophytes within plant leaves may be more than a collection of uninfluential, commensal organisms, but instead have meaningful ecological roles.

中文翻译:

一组稀有微生物与占优势的,可遗传的真菌内生菌相互作用,影响植物性状的表达

内生细菌是至少在其生命史中一部分生活在植物组织中的微生物。内生菌群通常由一些丰富的分类单元和许多不常见的稀有分类单元组成。大多数内生菌影响宿主表型的方式尚不清楚。但是,某些优势内生菌可以以生态上有意义的方式影响植物,包括影响生长并促进免疫反应。相比之下,稀有内生菌的作用尚未探索,稀有和常见内生菌如何相互作用也未知。在这里,我们在象皮的黄芪黄芪中操纵了一套罕见的叶内生植物(包括真菌和细菌)和富集链格孢菌(一种主要的垂直传播真菌)。我们报告说,低生物量内生菌会影响宿主大小和叶面%N,但仅当不存在优势真菌内生菌(A. fulva)时才如此。富叶农杆菌还减少了植物大小和%N,但对寄主的这些有害影响可能被我们在这种可遗传的真菌和叶状病原体之间观察到的强烈拮抗作用所抵消。这些结果之所以与众不同,是因为它们来自非作物或非草类系统中的实验操作,并证明了分类单元之间的相互作用决定了内生组合对其宿主的净效应。我们建议,植物叶片中无数个不常被观察到的内生菌可能不仅仅是一个无影响的共生生物的集合,而是具有有意义的生态作用。但是这些对宿主的有害影响可以被我们在这种可遗传的真菌和叶状病原体之间观察到的强烈拮抗作用所抵消。这些结果之所以与众不同,是因为它们来自非作物或非草类系统中的实验操作,并证明了分类单元之间的相互作用决定了内生组合对其宿主的净效应。我们建议,植物叶片中无数个不常被观察到的内生菌可能不仅仅是一个无影响的共生生物的集合,而是具有有意义的生态作用。但是这些对宿主的有害影响可以被我们在这种可遗传的真菌和叶状病原体之间观察到的强烈拮抗作用所抵消。这些结果之所以与众不同,是因为它们来自非作物或非草类系统中的实验操作,并证明了分类单元之间的相互作用决定了内生组合对其宿主的净效应。我们建议,植物叶片中无数个不常被观察到的内生菌可能不仅仅是一个无影响的共生生物的集合,而是具有有意义的生态作用。这些结果之所以与众不同,是因为它们来自非作物或非草类系统中的实验操作,并证明了分类单元之间的相互作用决定了内生组合对其宿主的净效应。我们建议,植物叶片中无数个不常被观察到的内生菌可能不仅仅是一个无影响的共生生物的集合,而是具有有意义的生态作用。这些结果之所以与众不同,是因为它们来自非作物或非草类系统中的实验操作,并证明了分类单元之间的相互作用决定了内生组合对其宿主的净效应。我们建议,植物叶片中无数个不常被观察到的内生菌可能不仅仅是一个无影响的共生生物的集合,而是具有有意义的生态作用。
更新日期:2021-02-18
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