Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. Neuroinflammation is a major pathological event involved in the process of ischemic injury and repair. In particular, microglia play a dual role in neuroinflammation. During the acute phase of stroke onset, M2 microglia are the dominant phenotype and exert protective effects on neuronal cells, whereas permanent M1 microglia contribute to prolonged inflammation and are detrimental to brain tissue. Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) may have regulatory effects on microglia-associated inflammation. Thus, we briefly reviewed the dynamic response of microglia after a stroke and assessed how specific miRNAs affect the behavior of reactive microglia. We concluded that miRNAs may be useful novel therapeutic targets to improve stroke outcomes and modulate neuroinflammation.

缺血性中风是全世界最常见的死亡和残疾原因之一。神经炎症是缺血性损伤和修复过程中的主要病理事件。特别地，小胶质细胞在神经炎症中起双重作用。在中风发作的急性期，M2小胶质细胞是显性表型，对神经元细胞具有保护作用，而永久性M1小胶质细胞会导致炎症延长，对脑组织有害。新兴证据表明，microRNA（miRNA）可能对小胶质细胞相关的炎症具有​​调节作用。因此，我们简要回顾了中风后小胶质细胞的动态反应，并评估了特定的miRNA如何影响反应性小胶质细胞的行为。