Abstract In recent years, nanomaterials have attracted lots of attention from researchers due to their unique properties. Nanometer fluorescent materials, such as organic dyes, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), metal nano-clusters (MNCs), carbon dots (CDs), etc., are widely used in biological imaging due to their high sensitivity, short response time, and excellent accuracy. Nanometer fluorescent probes can not only perform in vitro imaging of organisms but also achieve in vivo imaging. This provides medical staff with great convenience in cancer treatment. Combined with contemporary medical methods, faster and more effective treatment of cancer is achievable. This article explains the response mechanism of three-nanometer fluorescent probes: the principle of induced electron transfer (PET), the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the principle of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), showing the semiconductor QDs, precious MNCs, and CDs. The excellent performance of the three kinds of nano fluorescent materials in biological imaging is highlighted, and the application of these three kinds of nano fluorescent probes in targeted biological imaging is also introduced. Nanometer fluorescent materials will show their significance in the field of biomedicine.

中文翻译：

---

生物纳米级荧光探针：从结构和性能到生物成像

摘要 近年来，纳米材料由于其独特的性质引起了研究人员的广泛关注。纳米荧光材料，如有机染料、半导体量子点（QDs）、金属纳米团簇（MNCs）、碳点（CDs）等，由于其灵敏度高、响应时间短、出色的准确性。纳米荧光探针不仅可以对生物体进行体外成像，还可以实现体内成像。这为医务人员在癌症治疗中提供了极大的便利。结合现代医学方法，可以实现更快、更有效的癌症治疗。这篇文章解释了三纳米荧光探针的响应机制：诱导电子转移（PET）的原理，荧光共振能量转移 (FRET) 原理和分子内电荷转移 (ICT) 原理，展示了半导体 QD、珍贵的 MNC 和 CD。重点介绍了这三种纳米荧光材料在生物成像中的优异性能，并介绍了这三种纳米荧光探针在靶向生物成像中的应用。纳米荧光材料将在生物医学领域展现其重要意义。