With increasing incidence and mortality rates, cancer remains one of the most devastating global non-communicable diseases. Restricted dosages and decreased bioavailability, often results in lower therapeutic outcomes, triggering the development of resistance to conventionally used drug/gene therapeutics. The development of novel therapeutic strategies using multimodal nanotechnology to enhance specificity, increase bioavailability and biostability of therapeutics with favorable outcomes is critical. Gated vectors that respond to endogenous or exogenous stimuli, and promote targeted tumor delivery without prematurely cargo loss are ideal. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are effective delivery systems for a variety of therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. MSNs possess a rigid framework and large surface area that can incorporate supramolecular constructs and varying metal species that allow for stimuli-responsive controlled release functions. Its high interior loading capacity can incorporate combination drug/gene therapeutic agents, conferring increased bioavailability and biostability of the therapeutic cargo. Significant advances in the engineering of MSNs structural and physiochemical characteristics have since seen the development of nanodevices with promising in vivo potential. In this review, current trends of multimodal MSNs being developed and their use in stimuli-responsive passive and active targeting in cancer therapy will be discussed, focusing on light, redox, pH, and temperature stimuli.

中文翻译：

---

当前用于癌症治疗的刺激响应介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒

随着发病率和死亡率不断上升，癌症仍然是全球最具破坏性的非传染性疾病之一。剂量限制和生物利用度降低通常会导致治疗效果降低，从而引发对常规药物/基因疗法的耐药性。使用多模式纳米技术开发新型治疗策略以增强治疗的特异性、生物利用度和生物稳定性并获得良好的结果至关重要。对内源性或外源性刺激做出反应并促进靶向肿瘤递送而不会过早造成货物损失的门控载体是理想的。介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子（MSN）是癌症治疗中多种治疗剂的有效递送系统。MSN 具有刚性框架和大表面积，可以结合超分子结构和不同的金属种类，从而实现刺激响应控制释放功能。其高内部负载能力可以合并药物/基因治疗剂的组合，从而提高治疗货物的生物利用度和生物稳定性。此后，MSN 结构和理化特性工程取得了重大进展，开发出了具有良好体内潜力的纳米器件。在这篇综述中，将讨论目前正在开发的多模式 MSN 的趋势及其在癌症治疗中刺激响应被动和主动靶向中的应用，重点关注光、氧化还原、pH 和温度刺激。