Kielce and Olsztyn are two different urban ecosystems. They differ from each other in terms of geological and climatic conditions, as well as spatial development and industrial past. The aim of this article is to assess and compare the degree of lead contamination of the natural environment in both cities based on the conducted tests of soils, as well as a common dandelion’s roots and leaves. For this study’s purpose, 60 samples of soils and common dandelion’s roots and leaves were collected in each city, according to four land-use types, namely industrial areas, urban green areas, urban allotment gardens, and urban forests. Basic physico-chemical properties and concentrations of lead, i.e., total content and bioavailable content were determined in the soils, using speciation analysis. Lead concentrations in the roots and leaves of common dandelion were, in turn, determined using the ICP-OES method. By using kriging models, spots with excessive lead concentrations differing from the geochemical background were identified in each city. The number of spots was comparable for both cities; however, the values for this metal differed significantly. No relationship has been found between land-use types and concentrations of lead in soils and common dandelions. The results of the study, as well as statistical and spatial analyses show that this species may be recommended as an indicator for biomonitoring of urban environments.

中文翻译：

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凯尔采和奥尔什丁（波兰）城市环境的生物监测基于土壤和常见蒲公英（蒲公英）总和生物利用铅含量的研究

凯尔采和奥尔什丁是两个不同的城市生态系统。它们在地质和气候条件，空间发展和工业历史方面彼此不同。本文的目的是根据对土壤以及普通蒲公英的根和叶进行的测试，评估和比较两个城市中自然环境中铅的污染程度。为此，根据工业区，城市绿化区，城市分配花园和城市森林这四种土地利用类型，在每个城市中收集了60个土壤和蒲公英根和叶的样品。使用形态分析确定了土壤中的基本理化性质和铅浓度，即总含量和生物利用度。反过来，使用ICP-OES方法测定普通蒲公英的根和叶中的铅浓度。通过使用克里金模型，在每个城市中都可以识别出铅含量过高与地球化学背景不同的斑点。两个城市的景点数量相当。但是，这种金属的值差异很大。在土地利用类型与土壤和普通蒲公英中铅的浓度之间没有发现任何关系。研究结果以及统计和空间分析表明，该物种可能被推荐作为城市环境生物监测的指标。两个城市的景点数量相当。但是，这种金属的值差异很大。在土地利用类型与土壤和普通蒲公英中铅的浓度之间没有发现任何关系。研究结果以及统计和空间分析表明，该物种可能被推荐作为城市环境生物监测的指标。两个城市的景点数量相当。但是，这种金属的值差异很大。在土地利用类型与土壤和普通蒲公英中铅的浓度之间没有发现任何关系。研究结果以及统计和空间分析表明，该物种可能被推荐作为城市环境生物监测的指标。