Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex multifactorial disorder in which external and environmental factors have a large influence on its onset and development, especially in genetically susceptible individuals. Crohn’s disease (CD), one of the two types of IBD, is characterized by transmural inflammation, which is most frequently located in the region of the terminal ileum. Oxidative stress, caused by an overabundance of reactive oxygen species, is present locally and systemically in patients with CD and appears to be associated with the well-described imbalanced immune response and dysbiosis in the disease. Oxidative stress could also underlie some of the environmental risk factors proposed for CD. Although the exact etiopathology of CD remains unknown, the key role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CD is extensively recognized. Epigenetics can provide a link between environmental factors and genetics, and numerous epigenetic changes associated with certain environmental risk factors, microbiota, and inflammation are reported in CD. Further attention needs to be focused on whether these epigenetic changes also have a primary role in the pathogenesis of CD, along with oxidative stress.

中文翻译：

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克罗恩病发病机理中的氧化应激及其与免疫反应，微生物群，外部环境因素和表观遗传学的相互联系

炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种复杂的多因素疾病，其中外部和环境因素对其发病和发展有很大影响，尤其是在遗传易感人群中。克罗恩病（CD）是IBD的两种类型之一，其特征是透壁发炎，这种发炎最常位于回肠末端区域。CD患者中局部和全身都存在由活性氧过多引起的氧化应激，似乎与疾病中众所周知的免疫反应失衡和营养不良有关。氧化应激也可能是提议用于CD的某些环境危险因素的基础。尽管尚不清楚CD的确切病因，但广泛认识到氧化应激在CD发病机理中的关键作用。表观遗传学可以提供环境因素与遗传学之间的联系，CD中报道了与某些环境风险因素，微生物群和炎症相关的许多表观遗传变化。需要进一步关注这些表观遗传变化是否也与氧化应激一起在CD的发病机理中起主要作用。