Mycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) growing on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) usually maintain specialized mycorrhizal associations. The level of specificity varies between MHPs, although it remains largely unknown whether interactions with mycorrhizal fungi differ by plant lineage, species, and/or by population. Here, we investigate the mycorrhizal interactions among Burmannia species (Burmanniaceae) with different trophic modes using high-throughput DNA sequencing. We characterized the inter- and intraspecific dynamics of the fungal communities by assessing the composition and diversity of fungi among sites. We found that fully mycoheterotrophic species are more specialized in their fungal associations than chlorophyllous species, and that this specialization possibly results from the gradual loss of some fungal groups. In particular, although many fungal species were shared by different Burmannia species, fully MHP species typically host species-specific fungal assemblages, suggesting that they have a preference for the selected fungi. Although no apparent cophylogenetic relationship was detected between fungi and plants, we observe that evolutionarily closely related plants tend to have a greater proportion of shared or closely related fungal partners. Our findings suggest a host preference and specialization toward fungal assemblages in Burmannia, improving understanding of interactions between MHPs and fungi.

生长在丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 上的异养植物 (MHP) 通常保持专门的菌根联合。MHP 之间的特异性水平各不相同，尽管与菌根真菌的相互作用是否因植物谱系、物种和/或种群而异仍然很大程度上未知。在这里，我们调查了Burmannia之间的菌根相互作用使用高通量 DNA 测序分析具有不同营养模式的物种（Burmanniaceae）。我们通过评估不同地点真菌的组成和多样性来描述真菌群落的种间和种内动态。我们发现，与叶绿素物种相比，完全同生异养的物种在其真菌联合方面更加专业化，并且这种专业化可能是由于某些真菌群的逐渐丧失所致。特别是，虽然许多真菌种类由不同的缅甸共享物种，完全 MHP 物种通常宿主物种特异性真菌组合，表明它们对选定的真菌有偏好。尽管在真菌和植物之间没有检测到明显的共系统发育关系，但我们观察到在进化上密切相关的植物往往具有更大比例的共享或密切相关的真菌伙伴。我们的研究结果表明宿主对缅甸真菌组合的偏好和专门化，提高了对 MHP 和真菌之间相互作用的理解。