B cells are critical mediators of humoral immune responses in the airways through antibody production, antigen presentation, and cytokine secretion. In addition, a subset of B cells, known as regulatory B cells (Bregs), exhibit immunosuppressive functions via diverse regulatory mechanisms. Bregs modulate immune responses via the secretion of IL‐10, IL‐35, and tumor growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), and by direct cell contact. The balance between effector and regulatory B cell functions is critical in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The importance of Bregs in airway immune responses is emphasized by the different respiratory disorders associated with abnormalities in Breg numbers and function. In this review, we summarize the role of immunosuppressive Bregs in airway inflammatory diseases and highlight the importance of this subset in the maintenance of respiratory health. We propose that improved understanding of signals in the lung microenvironment that drive Breg differentiation can provide novel therapeutic avenues for improved management of respiratory diseases.

中文翻译：

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呼吸系统健康和疾病中的调节性 B 细胞

B 细胞是通过抗体产生、抗原呈递和细胞因子分泌在气道中产生体液免疫反应的关键介质。此外，称为调节性 B 细胞 (Bregs) 的 B 细胞亚群通过多种调节机制表现出免疫抑制功能。Bregs 通过分泌 IL-10、IL-35 和肿瘤生长因子-β (TGF-β) 以及通过直接细胞接触来调节免疫反应。效应和调节 B 细胞功能之间的平衡对于维持免疫稳态至关重要。Bregs 在气道免疫反应中的重要性被与 Breg 数量和功能异常相关的不同呼吸系统疾病所强调。在本次审查中，我们总结了免疫抑制性 Bregs 在气道炎症性疾病中的作用，并强调了该子集在维持呼吸系统健康中的重要性。我们建议，更好地理解肺微环境中驱动 Breg 分化的信号，可以为改善呼吸系统疾病的管理提供新的治疗途径。