Accounting for variation in and overuse of antibiotics among humans,BioEssays

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Accounting for variation in and overuse of antibiotics among humans
BioEssays ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 , DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000163
Martin J Blaser ₁ , Melissa K Melby ₂ , Margaret Lock ₃ , Mark Nichter ₄

Affiliation

Worldwide, antibiotic use is increasing, but many infections against which antibiotics are applied are not even caused by bacteria. Over‐the‐counter and internet sales preclude physician oversight. Regional differences, between and within countries highlight many potential factors influencing antibiotic use. Taking a systems perspective that considers pharmaceutical commodity chains, we examine antibiotic overuse from the vantage point of both sides of the therapeutic relationship. We examine patterns and expectations of practitioners and patients, institutional policies and pressures, the business strategies of pharmaceutical companies and distributors, and cultural drivers of variation. Solutions to improve antibiotic stewardship include practitioners taking greater responsibility for their antibiotic prescribing, increasing the role of caregivers as diagnosticians rather than medicine providers, improving their communication to patients about antibiotic treatment consequences, lessening the economic influences on prescribing, and identifying antibiotic alternatives.

中文翻译：

解释人类抗生素的变异和过度使用

在世界范围内，抗生素的使用正在增加，但应用抗生素治疗的许多感染甚至不是由细菌引起的。非处方药和互联网销售排除了医生的监督。国家之间和国家内部的区域差异突出了影响抗生素使用的许多潜在因素。从考虑药品商品链的系统角度来看，我们从治疗关系双方的角度来研究抗生素的过度使用。我们研究了从业者和患者的模式和期望、制度政策和压力、制药公司和分销商的商业战略以及变异的文化驱动因素。改善抗生素管理的解决方案包括从业者对抗生素处方承担更大的责任，

更新日期：2021-01-21

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