The roots of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) have a long history of medical use in traditional Chinese medicine for treating diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2, 5-diene-1, 4-dione (DMDD) was isolated from the tuberous roots of Averrhoa carambola L. The purpose of this study was to investigate the beneficial effect of DMDD on the advanced glycation end-product-mediated renal injury in type 2 diabetic KKAy mice with regard to prove its efficacy by local traditional practitioners in the treatment of kidney frailties in diabetics. KKAy mice were orally administrated DMDD (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg body weight/d) or aminoguanidine (200 mg/kg body weight/d) for 8 weeks. Hyperglycemia, renal AGE formation, and the expression of related proteins, such as the AGE receptor, nuclear factor-κB, transforming growth factor-β1, and Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, were markedly decreased by DMDD. Diabetes-dependent alterations in proteinuria, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and serum urea-N and glomerular mesangial matrix expansion were attenuated after treatment with DMDD for 8 weeks. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, which are reduced in the kidneys of KKAy mice, were enhanced by DMDD. These findings suggest that DMDD may inhibit the progression of diabetic nephropathy and may be a therapeutic agent for regulating several pharmacological targets to treat or prevent of diabetic nephropathy.

中文翻译：

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从 Averroa carambola L.（酢浆草科）根中分离的 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2, 5-diene-1, 4-dione 对 2 型糖尿病 KKAy 小鼠晚期糖基化终产物介导的肾损伤的影响


阳桃（酢浆草科）的根在中药中用于治疗糖尿病和糖尿病肾病有着悠久的历史。 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2, 5-diene-1, 4-dione (DMDD) 是从 Averroa carambola L 的块根中分离出来的。本研究的目的是研究 DMDD 对晚期糖基化的有益作用终产物介导的 2 型糖尿病 KKAy 小鼠肾损伤，并由当地传统医生证明其在治疗糖尿病肾衰弱方面的功效。 KKAy小鼠口服DMDD（12.5、25、50mg/kg体重/d）或氨基胍（200mg/kg体重/d）8周。 DMDD 显着降低高血糖、肾脏 AGE 形成以及相关蛋白的表达，如 AGE 受体、核因子-κB、转化生长因子-β1 和 Nε-(羧甲基)赖氨酸。 DMDD 治疗 8 周后，糖尿病依赖性蛋白尿、血清肌酐、肌酐清除率、血清尿素 N 和肾小球系膜基质扩张的变化减弱。 KKAy 小鼠肾脏中超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性降低，但 DMDD 却增强了这些酶的活性。这些发现表明DMDD可能抑制糖尿病肾病的进展，并且可能是调节多个药理学靶点以治疗或预防糖尿病肾病的治疗剂。