Heteroatom doping engineering has emerged as an intriguing strategy to enhance electrocatalytic efficiency. Herein, a multiple transition metal doping approach is developed through the incorporation of both Co and Nb into hierarchical MoS₂ ultrathin nanosheets directly grown on micro-TiO₂ hollow spheres (Co,Nb-MoS₂/TiO₂ HSs) to boost the hydrogen evolution (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The Co and Nb dual-doping effects modify the electronic structure of the host MoS₂ towards maximizing the HER, OER, and ORR performance. Additionally, the unique hollow spherical structure and heterostructured synergistic effects between the TiO₂ core and MoS₂ shell provide effective channels for electron transfer and large surface area with abundant exposed void spaces for ion diffusion/penetration. Therefore, the Co,Nb-MoS₂/TiO₂ HSs catalyst demonstrates extraordinary activity and stability with small overpotentials of 58.8 and 260.0 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² for the HER and OER, respectively. When employed as both cathodic and anodic electrode in an electrolyzer, the catalyst requires an operating voltage of 1.57 V to achieve 10 mA cm⁻². The catalyst also exhibits great potential for the ORR with high onset potential of + 0.96 V and half-wave potential of +0.87 V, as well as direct four-electron transfer process.

杂原子掺杂工程已经成为提高电催化效率的一种引人入胜的策略。本文中，通过将Co和Nb掺入直接在微型TiO ₂中空球体（Co，Nb-MoS ₂ / TiO ₂ HSs）上生长的分层MoS ₂超薄纳米片中以促进氢释放而开发了多种过渡金属掺杂方法。（HER），析氧反应（OER）和氧还原反应（ORR）。Co和Nb双重掺杂效应会修改主机MoS ₂的电子结构，从而使HER，OER和ORR性能最大化。此外，TiO ₂之间独特的空心球形结构和异质结构的协同效应核和MoS ₂壳为电子转移和大表面积提供了有效的通道，并具有大量暴露的空隙，用于离子扩散/渗透。因此，Co，Nb-MoS ₂ / TiO ₂ HSs催化剂显示出非凡的活性和稳定性，在10 mA cm ^-2时的过电位分别为58.8和260.0 mV，对于HER和OER而言。当在电解器中既用作阴极电极又用作阳极电极时，催化剂需要1.57 V的工作电压才能达到10 mA cm ^-2。该催化剂还显示出ORR的巨大潜力，其高起始电位为+ 0.96 V，半波电位为+0.87 V，以及直接四电子转移过程。