Background

Physiological cascades of neurotrophic factors and inflammatory cytokines may mediate the exercise-induced amelioration of cognition in older adults. However, there is limited understanding on how different exercise modalities improving cognition alter biomarkers. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of different exercise modalities on blood biomarker concentrations in cognitive clinical trials of older adults.

Methods

A systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) were performed using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS. After exclusions, 17 trials with 18 distinct exercise interventions were included.

Results

Aerobic training increased (n = 2) or did not significantly change BDNF (n = 5), and resistance training increased (n = 2) or did not significantly change (n = 2) IGF-1. Multimodal training significantly increased (n = 1) or did not change (n = 3) BDNF. Interventions that recruited sex-specific cohorts showed an advantage in males for blood marker concentrations and cognitive performance outcomes (n = 3) compared to females (n = 3). Only one of three interventions decreased concentrations of CRP. Eight studies examining BDNF changes were suited for MA and showed that higher BDNF concentrations were reached post intervention, although not reaching statistical significance (p = .26, I² = 44 %).

Discussion

Our results suggest that exercise has potential to ameliorate cognitive decline in older adults with divergent, modality-specific, neurotrophic mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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体育锻炼在调节老年人外周炎症和神经营养生物标志物方面的作用：系统评价和荟萃分析

背景

神经营养因子和炎性细胞因子的生理级联反应可能介导运动诱导的老年人认知改善。然而，对不同运动方式如何改善认知改变生物标志物的了解有限。我们的目的是评估不同运动方式对老年人认知临床试验中血液生物标志物浓度的影响。

方法

使用 PubMed、EMBASE 和 SCOPUS 数据库进行系统评价 (SR) 和荟萃分析 (MA)。排除后，纳入了 17 项试验，其中包含 18 种不同的运动干预措施。

结果

有氧训练增加（n = 2）或没有显着改变BDNF（n = 5），而阻力训练增加（n = 2）或没有显着改变（n = 2）IGF-1。多模式训练显着增加（n = 1）或没有改变（n = 3）BDNF。与女性 (n = 3) 相比，招募特定性别队列的干预措施显示，男性在血液标志物浓度和认知表现结果 (n = 3) 方面具有优势。三项干预措施中只有一项降低了 CRP 的浓度。八项检查 BDNF 变化的研究适用于 MA，并表明干预后达到了更高的 BDNF 浓度，尽管没有达到统计显着性（p = .26，I ²  = 44 %）。

讨论

我们的研究结果表明，运动具有改善老年人认知能力下降的潜力，这些老年人具有不同的、特定于模式的、神经营养机制。