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New record of Late Cretaceous vertebrate tracks from the Yacoraite Formation (Juella, Quebrada de Humahuaca, northwestern Argentina): aerial drone survey, preservation and sedimentary context
Journal of South American Earth Sciences ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103116
Carlos Cónsole-Gonella , Ignacio Díaz-Martínez , Paolo Citton , Silvina de Valais

The Yacoraite Formation is a worldwide known unit due to the diversity and abundance of vertebrate ichnological record. The complex tectono-sedimentary evolution related to the Andean Cycle generated high dip angles of bedding and, consequently, large tracksites are not easily accessible, making hard the ichnological analysis. Here, we describe a new tracksite named “La Banderita”, near Juella town (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina), where abundant vertebrate and invertebrate trace fossils have been identified on different high slope surfaces. A small, portable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a digital camera was employed to overcome difficulties in studying traces. After the aerial survey, digital photogrammetry was applied to get 3D models of the trampled surfaces (about 7700 m2) and to obtain track distribution maps (more than 100 tracks). As a complement, a detailed 3D model of an easily accessible small area was also made (about 315 m2). Trace fossils were preserved within three facies intervals from subtidal/lower intertidal (Intervals I-II) to intertidal (Interval III) settings. In this last interval, quadrupedal (probably sauropod), bipedal (theropod) and undetermined tracks, differently preserved as undertracks, true tracks and natural casts, are identified. These three modes are product of narrow preservational windows, which have prevented weathering destruction process after original trampling. Ichnological and sedimentological data are coherent with those of other localities from the Yacoraite Formation, and suggest that dinosaurs moved along peritidal settings. This contribution highlights the use of aerial drone survey and 3D photogrammetric models, which besides traditional ichnological and sedimentological techniques, allowed a detailed reconstruction of track formation and preservation, contextualizing the trampled surfaces in their palaeoenvironmental setting.



中文翻译:

来自Yacoraite组(Juella,阿根廷西北部Quebrada de Humahuaca的Juella)的晚白垩纪脊椎动物径迹的新记录:空中无人机调查,保存和沉积环境

由于脊椎动物鱼类学记录的多样性和丰富性,Yacoraite岩层是世界范围内已知的单元。与安第斯周期有关的复杂的构造-沉积演化产生了很大的地层倾角,因此,大的铁矿难以获得,很难进行物镜分析。在这里,我们描述了在Juella镇(阿根廷Jujuy的Quebrada de Humahuaca)附近的一个名为“ La Banderita”的新径迹,该处已在不同的高坡面上发现了丰富的脊椎动物和无脊椎动物化石。为了克服研究痕迹的困难,使用了配备有数码相机的小型便携式无人机(UAV)。航测后,应用数字摄影测量技术获得踩踏表面的3D模型(约7700 m 2)并获取轨道分布图(超过100条轨道)。作为补充,还制作了一个易于访问的小区域的详细3D模型(约315 m 2)。从潮下/下潮间(I-II间隔)到潮间(III间隔)设置,在三个相间隔内保存了痕迹化石。在最后一个间隔中,确定了四足动物(可能是蜥脚类动物),两足动物(兽脚类动物)和未定轨道,它们分别保留为低轨道,真实轨道和自然石膏。这三种模式是狭窄的保护窗的产物,可防止原始践踏后的风化破坏过程。技术和沉积学数据与Yacoraite组的其他地区的数据一致,表明恐龙沿蠕动环境移动。此贡献突出了除了传统的鱼类学和沉积学技术之外,还使用了空中无人机调查和3D摄影测量模型,

更新日期:2021-01-07
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