Physical simulation experiments of rock fracturing can effectively simulate the extension of artificial fractures within different lithology and interbedded rocks. Previous studies have focused on the conditions of artificial fracture initiation and propagation, while few studies have been conducted on the evolution and influencing factors of fractures in reservoir rocks. In this study, fracture evolution simulation was performed using a self-developed physical fracturing simulation device and a real-time acoustic emission fracture monitoring system. Results show the presence of four main fracture patterns within the selected lithologies and their combinations, including simple shear, simple, network, and X-shear fracture patterns. The variation trend of the principal stress difference and fracture pressure, as well as the values of the network, X-shear, simple, and simple shear fracture patterns all increased successively. The values of the network and X-shear fracture patterns were smallest, while the fracture pressure and principal stress difference were less than 65 and 40 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the trends of the brittle mineral content and brittleness index were opposite.

The interlaminar modulus difference mainly controls the cracks extending at the interface of the interlayer, and is conducive to the extension of cracks at values less than 3 GPa. Furthermore, the tendency of network, X-shear, simple, and simple shear fracture patterns to gradually simplify implies that the fracturing treatment effect and fracturing performance may have sequentially deteriorated. This study may provide a reference for the determination of reservoir fracturing ability and fracturing reconstruction design in unconventional reservoir development.

岩石压裂的物理模拟实验可以有效地模拟人工裂缝在不同岩性和层间岩石中的扩展。以前的研究集中在人工裂缝的萌生和扩展条件上，而关于储层岩石裂缝的演化及其影响因素的研究很少。在这项研究中，使用自主研发的物理压裂模拟设备和实时声发射裂缝监测系统进行了裂缝演化模拟。结果表明，所选岩性中存在四种主要裂缝模式及其组合，包括简单剪切，简单，网络和X剪切裂缝模式。主应力差和断裂压力以及网络值的变化趋势，X剪切，简单和简单剪切断裂模式都相继增加。网络和X剪切断裂模式的值最小，而断裂压力和主应力差分别小于65和40 MPa。此外，脆性矿物含量和脆性指数的趋势是相反的。

层间模量差主要控制裂纹在中间层的界面处延伸，并且有利于小于3GPa的值的裂纹扩展。此外，网络，X剪切，简单和简单剪切断裂模式逐渐简化的趋势表明，压裂处理效果和压裂性能可能会依次恶化。该研究可为非常规油藏开发中确定储层抗压能力和压裂改造设计提供参考。