The quest for novel designs for lightweight phononic crystals and elastic metamaterials with wide low-frequency band gaps has proven to be a significant challenge in recent years. In this context, lattice-type materials represent a promising solution, providing both lightweight properties and significant possibilities of tailoring mechanical and dynamic properties. Additionally, lattice structures also enable the generation of hierarchical architectures, in which basic constitutive elements with different characteristic length scales can be combined. In this work, we propose 1D- and 2D-periodic phononic crystals made of spatial frames inspired by a spider web-based architecture. Specifically, hierarchical plane structures based on a combination of frames with a variable cross-section are proposed and exploited to open and enhance band gaps with respect to their non-hierarchical counterparts. Our results show that hierarchy is effective in broadening existing band gaps as well as opening new full band gaps in non-hierarchical periodic structures.

近年来，对具有宽低频带隙的轻质声子晶体和弹性超材料的新颖设计的追求已被证明是一项重大挑战。在这种情况下，晶格型材料代表了一种有前途的解决方案，既提供了轻质特性，又提供了调整机械和动态特性的巨大可能性。此外，晶格结构还可以生成层次结构，其中可以组合具有不同特征长度尺度的基本构成元素。在这项工作中，我们提出了由基于蜘蛛网架构的空间框架制成的1D和2D周期声子晶体。特别，提出并利用基于具有可变横截面的框架的组合的分层平面结构，以相对于其非分层对应物打开和增强带隙。我们的结果表明，层次结构可以有效地扩大现有的带隙，并可以在非层次的周期性结构中打开新的全带隙。