Key message

Environmental stress resulting from rapid climate changes leads to the initiation of the seed aging process in mitochondria and peroxisomes. Seed storage methods limiting germinability loss are fundamental for forest future.

Abstract

Seed aging is a natural process. It decreases the seed germination rate, i.e. the process is essential for the plant’s life cycle. Aging involves a progressive accumulation of oxidative damage over time. One of the main plant responses to stress is an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O ^−•₂ , H₂O₂ and ^•OH. If the concentration of ROS is too high, it causes damage of the structure of lipid membranes, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. Climate changes affect tree reproduction and may have long-term consequences in the form of reduced species dispersal and acquisition of new habitats. High temperatures accelerate the aging of seeds and decrease their viability. There is, therefore, an indisputable need to store forest reproductive material to maintain continuity of regeneration in farm forests. The quality of seeds subjected to long-term storage correlates negatively with ROS concentration, as ROS accumulation typically occurs in tissues experiencing oxidative stress. Therefore, to preserve forest genetic resources, it is particularly important to know the causes and sites of initiation of the aging process in seed cells, as well as to prevent the germination rate decrease by developing appropriate storage methods. The main organelles responsible for intracellular ROS production are mitochondria and peroxisomes. This article aims at verifying the causes of seed aging and determining its consequences for future forest regeneration due to climate changes. We review the literature on oxidative stress, as well as the sites where the tree seed aging process originates, such as mitochondria and peroxisomes.

中文翻译：

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气候变化会影响种子老化吗？林木种子活力丧失的引发机制及后果

关键信息

快速气候变化引起的环境压力导致线粒体和过氧化物酶体的种子老化过程开始。限制可发芽性损失的种子储存方法对于森林的未来至关重要。

抽象

种子老化是自然过程。它降低了种子的发芽率，即该过程对于植物的生命周期至关重要。老化涉及随着时间的推移逐渐累积的氧化损伤。植物对胁迫的主要反应之一是过量产生活性氧（ROS），例如O- ^• ₂，H ₂ O ₂和^• 哦。如果ROS的浓度过高，则会导致脂质膜，蛋白质，碳水化合物和DNA的结构受损。气候变化影响树木的繁殖，并可能以减少物种传播和获取新栖息地的形式带来长期后果。高温会加速种子的老化并降低其生存能力。因此，毫无疑问，需要存储森林繁殖材料以维持农场森林中再生的连续性。长期储存的种子质量与ROS浓度呈负相关，因为ROS积累通常发生在遭受氧化应激的组织中。因此，为了保护森林的遗传资源，了解种子细胞老化过程的起因和位置特别重要，以及通过开发适当的存储方法来防止发芽率降低。负责细胞内ROS产生的主要细胞器是线粒体和过氧化物酶体。本文旨在验证种子老化的原因，并确定其对气候变化导致的未来森林更新的影响。我们回顾了有关氧化应激的文献，以及树木种子老化过程的起点，例如线粒体和过氧化物酶体。