Trend analysis of meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure, and relative humidity) as well as calculated refractivity, equivalent potential temperature (EPT) for a pseudo-adiabatic process, and field strength in Calabar, Southern Nigeria has been analyzed using Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend test and Sen’s slope estimator (SSE). Data of the meteorological parameters were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) in Calabar for 14 years (2005–2018). Results show that the maximum and average temperature, atmospheric pressure, refractivity, EPT, and field strength all exhibited a positive Kendall Z value with 2.52, 0.33, 3.83, 0.77, 0.44, and 3.18 respectively which indicated an increase in trend over time, with only maximum temperature, atmospheric pressure and field strength showing a significant increase at 5% (0.05) level of significance, since their calculated p values (0.012, 0.0001, and 0.001) were less than 0.05. The relative humidity and minimum ambient temperature had a decrease in trend over time as they both had negative Kendall Z values (− 0.11 and − 1.09 respectively); however, together with the average ambient temperature and refractivity, their trend was not significant at 5% level of significance since their calculated p values were all more than 0.05. Linear regression, correlation, and partial differentiation showed that relative humidity has the most effect on the changes in seasonal refractivity and an indirect relationship with field strength variability. The novel relationship between EPT and refractivity has been discovered to be very strong and positive. Descriptive statistics has been used to portray the seasonal and annual trend of all parameters.

使用Mann-Kendall（MK）分析了尼日利亚南部卡拉巴尔的气象参数（温度，压力和相对湿度）以及计算的折射率，拟绝热过程的等效势能温度（EPT）和场强的趋势分析。 ）趋势测试和Sen斜率估算器（SSE）。气象参数的数据是从卡拉巴尔的尼日利亚气象局（NiMet）获得的，为期14年（2005-2018年）。结果表明，最高和平均温度，大气压力，折射率，EPT和场强均显示出正Kendall Z值分别为2.52、0.33、3.83、0.77、0.44和3.18，表明随着时间的推移趋势有所增加，只有最高温度，大气压力和场强在5％（0.05）显着性水平上才显示显着增加，因为计算得出的p值（0.012、0.0001和0.001）小于0.05。相对湿度和最低环境温度均随时间变化，因为它们的Kendall Z值均为负值（分别为− 0.11和− 1.09）；但是，连同平均环境温度和折射率，它们的趋势在显着性水平为5％时并不显着，因为它们的计算得出的p值均大于0.05。线性回归，相关性和偏微分表明，相对湿度对季节折射率的变化影响最大，并且与场强变异性间接相关。已经发现EPT和折射率之间的新颖关系非常牢固和积极。描述性统计已用于描述所有参数的季节性和年度趋势。