African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud) is one of the two independently domesticated rice species, the other one being Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.). Despite major progress being made in understanding the evolutionary and domestication history of African rice, key outstanding issues remain controversial. There appears to be an underlying difficulty in identifying the domestication centre and number of times the crop has been domesticated. Advances in genomics have provided unprecedented opportunities for understanding the genetic architecture of domestication related traits. For most of the domestication traits, the underlying genes and mutations have been identified. Comparative analysis of domestication genes between Asian and African rice has revealed that the two species went through an independent but convergent evolution process. The genetic and developmental basis of some of the domestic traits are conserved not only between Asian and African rice but also with other domesticated crop species. Analysis of genome data and its interpretation is emerging as a major challenge facing studies of domestication in African rice as key studies continue giving contradictory findings and conclusions. Insights obtained on the domestication of this species are vital for guiding crop improvement efforts.

非洲稻（Oryza glaberrima Steud）是两种独立驯化的稻米品种之一，另一种是亚洲稻（Oryza sativa）L.）。尽管在了解非洲大米的进化和驯化历史方面取得了重大进展，但关键的悬而未决的问题仍然存在争议。确定驯化中心和农作物被驯化的次数似乎存在潜在的困难。基因组学的进步为理解驯化相关性状的遗传结构提供了前所未有的机会。对于大多数驯化性状，已经确定了潜在的基因和突变。对亚洲和非洲水稻的驯化基因进行的比较分析表明，这两个物种经历了独立但趋同的进化过程。一些家庭性状的遗传和发展基础不仅在亚洲和非洲稻米之间得到保护，而且与其他驯化的农作物品种也得到保护。基因组数据的分析及其解释正成为非洲稻米驯化研究面临的主要挑战，因为关键研究不断得出相互矛盾的发现和结论。有关该物种驯化的见解对于指导作物改良工作至关重要。