Rhythms of the brain are generated by neural oscillations across multiple frequencies. These oscillations can be decomposed into distinct frequency intervals associated with specific physiological processes. In practice, the number and ranges of decodable frequency intervals are determined by sampling parameters, often ignored by researchers. To improve the situation, we report on an open toolbox with a graphical user interface for decoding rhythms of the brain system (DREAM). We provide worked examples of DREAM to investigate frequency-specific performance of both neural (spontaneous brain activity) and neurobehavioral (in-scanner head motion) oscillations. DREAM decoded the head motion oscillations and uncovered that younger children moved their heads more than older children across all five frequency intervals whereas boys moved more than girls in the age of 7 to 9 years. It is interesting that the higher frequency bands contain more head movements, and showed stronger age-motion associations but weaker sex-motion interactions. Using data from the Human Connectome Project, DREAM mapped the amplitude of these neural oscillations into multiple frequency bands and evaluated their test-retest reliability. The resting-state brain ranks its spontaneous oscillation’s amplitudes spatially from high in ventral-temporal areas to low in ventral-occipital areas when the frequency band increased from low to high, while those in part of parietal and ventral frontal regions are reversed. The higher frequency bands exhibited more reliable amplitude measurements, implying more inter-individual variability of the amplitudes for the higher frequency bands. In summary, DREAM adds a reliable and valid tool to mapping human brain function from a multiple-frequency window into brain waves.

大脑的节律是由跨多个频率的神经振荡产生的。这些振荡可以分解为与特定生理过程相关的不同频率间隔。在实践中，可解码频率间隔的数量和范围由采样参数决定，研究人员通常会忽略这些参数。为了改善这种情况，我们报告了一个带有图形用户界面的开放工具箱，用于解码大脑系统节律 (DREAM)。我们提供了 DREAM 的工作示例，以研究神经（自发大脑活动）和神经行为（扫描仪内头部运动）振荡的频率特定性能。DREAM 解码了头部运动振荡，并发现在所有五个频率间隔中，年幼的孩子比年长的孩子更频繁地移动头部，而在 7 到 9 岁期间，男孩比女孩移动得更多。有趣的是，较高的频段包含更多的头部运动，并表现出更强的年龄-运动关联，但性-运动相互作用较弱。使用来自人类连接组计划的数据，DREAM 将这些神经振荡的幅度映射到多个频段，并评估它们的重测可靠性。当频带由低到高增加时，静息状态大脑的自发振荡幅度在空间上由腹颞区高到腹枕区低，而部分顶叶和腹侧额叶区的振幅则相反。更高的频带表现出更可靠的幅度测量，这意味着更高频带的幅度的更多个体间可变性。总而言之，DREAM 增加了一种可靠且有效的工具，可以将人脑功能从多频窗口映射到脑电波。