A three-dimensional computational model, combining the large eddy simulation (LES) turbulent model, VOF multiphase model for air phase, and discrete phase model (DPM) for injected bubbles, was established to evaluate the effects of drag force, lift force, pressure gradient force, virtual mass force, and wall lubrication force on the fluid flow and spatial distribution of bubbles in a continuous casting (CC) strand. The effect of lift force and wall lubrication force on the fluid flow was achieved via a user defined subroutine (UDF). The contribution of interphase forces was quantitatively evaluated using UDF. The appropriate interphase force model was determined by comparing the predicted fluid flow and bubble distribution in the CC strand with the measured results one using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The interphase force had a significant effect on the spatial distribution of bubbles and the flow field near the meniscus. The drag force and buoyancy force were the dominant ones at low turbulent kinetic locations. Moreover, the magnitude of the lift force, pressure gradient force, and virtual mass force was increased sharply at high turbulent kinetic locations, approximately one to two orders greater than that of the buoyancy force.

中文翻译：

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相间力对连铸坯多相流动和气泡分布的影响

结合大涡模拟（LES）湍流模型、空气相VOF多相模型和注入气泡离散相模型（DPM），建立三维计算模型，评估阻力、升力、压力的影响梯度力、虚拟质量力和壁面润滑力对连铸 (CC) 铸流中流体流动和气泡空间分布的影响。升力和壁面润滑力对流体流动的影响是通过用户定义的子程序 (UDF) 实现的。使用 UDF 定量评估界面力的贡献。通过将 CC 链中预测的流体流动和气泡分布与使用粒子图像测速法 (PIV) 的测量结果进行比较来确定适当的界面力模型。相间力对气泡的空间分布和弯液面附近的流场有显着影响。在低湍流动力学位置，阻力和浮力占主导地位。此外，升力、压力梯度力和虚拟质量力的大小在高湍流动力学位置急剧增加，大约比浮力大一到两个数量级。