Removal of bacterial contaminations from water using advanced technologies is one of the essential steps in improving human health. The present study’s aim was to develop high performance microfiltration membranes from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) for bacteria removal from drinking water. The characteristics and performance of membranes were tuned through exploring the variation of prominent fabrication and operating parameters. The findings reveal that increasing PAN concentration in dope and addition of citric acid were successful in tailoring membrane microstructure. Bacteria rejection in modified membranes improved by exhibiting high log removal values (LRV) ranging from 3.92 (99.87%) to 5.57 (99.99%) while permeate fluxes were in the range of 35.83–58.62 L·m −2 ·h −1 . The trends are explained by taking into account the structural characteristics of bacterial strains. Exploring the effect of operating parameters on the performance of membranes revealed that increase in feed concentration from 10 3 to 10 7 cfu·ml −1 improved membrane rejection. The largest rejection (5.57) was observed toward Staphylococcus aureus at feed concentration of 10 7 cfu·ml −1 . Similarly, rejection improved upon reducing operating pressure from 3.5 to 1.5 bar. Also, shifting of feed pH to 7.4 and 9.4 enhanced membrane rejection to as high as 4.60 and 5.66 toward E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus , respectively. This was attributed to the zeta potential and isoelectric point values of the membranes and involved strains. Overall, the findings revealed that the developed PAN membranes are more effective in removal of gram-positive strains and their rejection is strongly dependent on the peptidoglycan layer of strains.

中文翻译：

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用于去除饮用水中细菌的聚丙烯腈 (PAN) 衍生微滤膜的制备、调整和性能分析

使用先进技术去除水中的细菌污染是改善人类健康的重要步骤之一。本研究的目的是开发用于从饮用水中去除细菌的聚丙烯腈 (PAN) 的高性能微滤膜。通过探索突出的制造和操作参数的变化来调整膜的特性和性能。研究结果表明，增加涂料中 PAN 的浓度和添加柠檬酸成功地调整了膜的微观结构。通过表现出范围从 3.92 (99.87%) 到 5.57 (99.99%) 的高对数去除值 (LRV) 而提高了改性膜中的细菌截留率，而渗透通量在 35.83–58.62 L·m -2 ·h -1 的范围内。通过考虑细菌菌株的结构特征来解释这些趋势。探索操作参数对膜性能的影响表明，进料浓度从10 3 增加到10 7 cfu·ml -1 提高了膜截留率。在10 7 cfu·ml -1 的进料浓度下观察到对金黄色葡萄球菌的最大排斥(5.57)。同样，将工作压力从 3.5 巴降低到 1.5 巴后，废品率也有所提高。此外，将进料 pH 值转变为 7.4 和 9.4 将膜截留率分别提高到 4.60 和 5.66，分别针对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。这归因于膜和相关菌株的 zeta 电位和等电点值。全面的，