Perovskite solar cells with the structure of glass/florine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/electron transfer layer (ETL)/perovskite/hole transfer layer (HTL)/Ag were fabricated. The effects of blending solvents and thermal annealing on the surface morphology, structural, and optical properties of perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) active layer were investigated. The active layer was optimized by adding 2-butanol (2-BTA) as an eco-friendly solvent into methyl ammonium iodide (MAI) solution used for spin coating on PbI 2 /(dimethylformamide (DMF)+dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) film in the second step. The resulting morphology of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 films was smooth and pinholes in the films were also reduced without change in the structure. The effects of thermal annealing on the surface morphology and structural properties of active layer were also studied. The fabricated device for the optimized condition showed the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ~8.6%.

中文翻译：

---

钙钛矿太阳能电池用混合溶剂对 CH3NH3PbI3 薄膜的形态改进

制备了具有玻璃/掺氟氧化锡（FTO）/电子转移层（ETL）/钙钛矿/空穴转移层（HTL）/Ag结构的钙钛矿太阳能电池。研究了混合溶剂和热退火对钙钛矿（CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ）活性层的表面形貌、结构和光学性能的影响。通过将作为环保溶剂的 2-丁醇 (2-BTA) 添加到用于旋涂 PbI 2 /(二甲基甲酰胺 (DMF)+二甲基亚砜 (DMSO)) 薄膜的甲基碘化铵 (MAI) 溶液中来优化活性层在第二步。CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 薄膜的最终形态是光滑的，薄膜中的针孔也减少了，而结构没有改变。还研究了热退火对活性层表面形貌和结构性能的影响。