The electric transport I – V characteristics of a tungsten filament immersed in superfluid helium are experimentally studied. The forward sweep I – V characteristics show an abrupt jump from the linear ohmic regime ( C state) to the high-resistance non-ohmic regime ( H state). In the H state, the filament is covered with a He gas bubble. In the C state, there is no gas bubble, that is, liquid He directly touches the filament surface. The transitions between these two states exhibit a well-developed hysteresis and bistability. The transition from the H state to the C state occurs at the equilibrium gas–liquid phase transition point, as reported by Date et al. (J Phys Soc Jpn 35(4):1190, 1973), whereas the C -to- H -state transition occurs in the superheat region.

中文翻译：

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超流氦4中热钨丝周围蒸汽泡的产生和破坏机制

实验研究了浸入超流氦中的钨丝的电输运 I - V 特性。前向扫描 I - V 特性显示从线性欧姆状态（C 状态）到高阻非欧姆状态（H 状态）的突然跳跃。在 H 状态下，灯丝覆盖有 He 气泡。在C状态下，没有气泡，即液体He直接接触灯丝表面。这两种状态之间的转换表现出良好的滞后和双稳态。正如 Date 等人报道的那样，从 H 态到 C 态的转变发生在平衡气液相转变点。(J Phys Soc Jpn 35(4):1190, 1973)，而 C 到 H 状态的转变发生在过热区域。