Inflammation is an immune response to exogenous or endogenous insults that helps to maintain the tissue homeostasis under stressful conditions. Depending on the differential types of insults, inflammation is classified into microbial, autoimmune, metabolic, allergic, and physical inflammation. With regard to its involvement in the pathogenesis of most of human diseases, dissecting the key molecules in the regulation of inflammatory process is vital for the prevention and therapeutics of human diseases. Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a versatile family of E3 ligases, which are composed of > 80 distinct members in humans recognized for their roles in antiviral responses. Recently, a large number of studies have shown the regulatory roles of TRIM proteins in mediating the inflammation. Herein in this review, we discuss the aberrations of TRIM proteins in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, with a focus on the regulation of different components of inflammatory process, including inflammasome, NF-κB signaling, type I IFN (interferon) production, and Th1/Th17 cell differentiation. Importantly, elucidation of the mechanism underlying the regulation of inflammation by TRIMs provides insights into the use of TRIMs as therapeutic targets for disease treatment.

炎症是对外源性或内源性损伤的免疫反应，有助于在压力条件下维持组织稳态。根据损伤的不同类型，炎症可分为微生物、自身免疫、代谢、过敏和身体炎症。鉴于其参与大多数人类疾病的发病机制，剖析炎症过程调控的关键分子对于人类疾病的预防和治疗至关重要。三方基序 (TRIM) 蛋白是一个多功能的 E3 连接酶家族，由超过 80 个在人类中因在抗病毒反应中的作用而被认可的不同成员组成。最近，大量研究表明TRIM蛋白在介导炎症中的调节作用。在这篇评论中，我们讨论了自身免疫性疾病和自身炎症性疾病中 TRIM 蛋白的异常，重点关注炎症过程的不同成分的调节，包括炎症小体、NF-κB 信号传导、I 型干扰素（干扰素）产生和 Th1/Th17 细胞分化。重要的是，阐明 TRIM 调节炎症的潜在机制为使用 TRIM 作为疾病治疗的治疗靶点提供了见解。