A preliminary screening assay based on a microbial chromogenic reaction was developed to detect common antibiotic residues in meat rapidly. The assay comprised two bioassays: one for Escherichia coli and another for Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The assay was optimized and evaluated for the simultaneous screening of 30 antibiotics from five common antibiotic classes (tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, β-lactams, and quinolones) found in meat. Extraction using phosphate-acetonitrile buffer (pH 7.2) and a delipidating treatment using n-hexane resulted in a high extraction efficacy for the five antibiotics, without affecting the microbial color reaction. A carrier, polyvinyl alcohol (0.1 g/mL); a cross-linking agent, boric acid-sodium tetraborate solution (pH 5.5); and a bacterial suspension with an initial optical density of 1.0 were the optimal embedding conditions for stability, microbial activity, and chromogenic efficiency. The assay exhibited a 6-month shelf life, with detection limits of 40–60, 60–140, 60–100, 20–40, and 40–180 μg/kg for tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, β-lactams, and quinolones, respectively, which met the European Commission (37/2010) requirements for antibiotic residue limits. Our assay results were confirmed using LC-MS/MS with 160 samples, revealing a good correlation. This study demonstrates a reliable, easy-to-use, and economical method for preliminary screening of antibiotic residues in meat. This method may find an immediate application in food safety and general testing laboratories.

建立了基于微生物显色反应的初步筛选测定法，以快速检测肉中常见的抗生素残留。该测定法包括两种生物测定法：一种用于大肠杆菌，另一种用于嗜热脂肪热地芽孢杆菌。该测定法经过优化和评估，可同时筛查五种常见抗生素类别（四环素，氨基糖苷类，大环内酯类，β型）中的30种抗生素-内酰胺和喹诺酮类）。使用磷酸盐-乙腈缓冲液（pH 7.2）进行萃取和使用正己烷进行的脱脂处理对五种抗生素具有很高的萃取效率，而又不影响微生物的显色反应。载体聚乙烯醇（0.1 g / mL）; 交联剂，硼酸-四硼酸钠溶液（pH 5.5）；初始光密度为1.0的细菌悬液是稳定性，微生物活性和生色效率的最佳包埋条件。该测定法显示了6个月的货架期，四环素，氨基糖苷类，大环内酯类，β的检出限为40–60、60–140、60–100、20–40和40–180μg/ kg。-内酰胺类和喹诺酮类分别符合欧洲委员会（37/2010）对抗生素残留限量的要求。使用LC-MS / MS对160个样品进行分析，证实了我们的测定结果，显示出良好的相关性。这项研究证明了一种可靠，易于使用且经济的方法可以初步筛选肉中的抗生素残留。这种方法可能会立即在食品安全和一般测试实验室中应用。