Sucrose, xylose, and saccharin are commonly used beverage additives and long-term consumption of these compounds inevitably affects the oral immune system and the composition of oral microbiomes. In this study, we used 24 Sprague Dawley rats divided into four groups, i.e., sucrose, saccharin, xylose, or pure water treated over an eight week period to evaluate any changes in the composition, community structure, and function of the oral microbiomes. At the end of the treatment period, we collected oral microbiome samples from each animal and subjected them to high-throughput sequencing. We also used ELISA to determine the concentration of salivary immunoglobulin in these rats to reveal the effect of sweetener on the oral immune system. Sequencing results demonstrated that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, remained the predominant phyla, but we found that the oral microbial diversity of rats drinking sucrose water was significantly higher than that of the other groups. Our results indicate that drinking water supplemented with sweeteners may influence oral immunity as well as the composition, metabolic function, and diversity of the oral microbiota, thereby disrupting the oral microbiome.

蔗糖，木糖和糖精是常用的饮料添加剂，长期食用这些化合物不可避免地影响口腔免疫系统和口腔微生物组的组成。在这项研究中，我们使用了24只Sprague Dawley大鼠，将其分为四组，即蔗糖，糖精，木糖或经过8周的纯水处理，以评估口腔微生物组的组成，群落结构和功能的任何变化。在治疗期结束时，我们收集了每只动物的口腔微生物组样品，并对其进行了高通量测序。我们还使用ELISA测定了这些大鼠中唾液免疫球蛋白的浓度，以揭示甜味剂对口腔免疫系统的影响。测序结果表明，Firmicutes和变形杆菌仍然是主要菌群，但是我们发现喝蔗糖水的大鼠的口腔微生物多样性显着高于其他组。我们的结果表明，添加甜味剂的饮用水可能会影响口腔免疫力以及口腔菌群的组成，代谢功能和多样性，从而破坏口腔微生物组。