If one overlooks Oliver Cromwell, the first republican “solution” to the “Irish problem” was offered in the most famous of English republican utopias, James Harrington’s Oceana (1656). It was a lament for the failure, sixty years before, of the Elizabethan attempt to “depopulate” the country and replace the victims with settlers. Must be something in the air or soil, he suggested, that makes planters come to resemble the Irish and adopt their ways. To prevent such a reversion it would have been better to plant the island with Jews. At a stroke, England would have solved the Irish and the Jewish problem, would have been relieved of a financial and political burden, and would have gained from the prosperity the Jews would have brought (Harrington [1656] 1992: 6). The second edition of Harrington’s work in 1699 was more influential than the first, largely because of the determined propagandizing efforts of the Irish writer John Toland, who, around 1700, intensified his PR campaign on behalf of the English republican cause. At the end of his life, Toland published An History of the British

中文翻译：

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爱尔兰共和国一瞥

如果忽略奥利弗·克伦威尔 (Oliver Cromwell)，那么英国最著名的共和主义乌托邦詹姆斯·哈灵顿 (James Harrington) 的《大洋洲》(Oceana)（1656 年）就提出了第一个共和主义“爱尔兰问题”的“解决方案”。这是对六十年前伊丽莎白时代试图“减少”该国并用定居者取代受害者的失败的悲叹。他建议，一定是空气或土壤中的某种东西使种植者变得像爱尔兰人并采用他们的方式。为了防止这种倒退，最好在岛上种植犹太人。一下子，英格兰就可以解决爱尔兰和犹太人的问题，减轻财政和政治负担，并从犹太人带来的繁荣中获益（Harrington [1656] 1992: 6）。哈灵顿 1699 年第二版的著作比第一版更有影响力，主要是因为爱尔兰作家约翰·托兰 (John Toland) 坚定的宣传努力，他在 1700 年左右代表英国共和事业加强了他的公关活动。在他生命的尽头，托兰出版了英国历史