Data collection and information sharing are at the core of any traffic control system. In particular, Maritime Situational Awareness—restricted in this article to one of its main components, the automatic identification system (AIS)—and Space Situational Awareness (SSA) are the backbones of, respectively, maritime and space traffic control frameworks. While the AIS has been initiated by civil authorities for civil purposes and is now being adopted by navies around the world, SSA, originally developed by the military to protect national security assets in outer space is progressively transferred to civil actors. This article shows how and why the intrinsically different nature and history of maritime and space traffics generated a totally reverse approach towards information and responsibility sharing in support to traffic control, while presenting current proposals for the evolution of SSA.

数据收集和信息共享是任何交通控制系统的核心。特别是，海上情境意识（在本文中仅限于其主要组件之一，即自动识别系统（AIS））和空间态势意识（SSA）分别是海上和太空交通控制框架的基础。虽然AIS是由民政部门出于民用目的发起的，现在已被世界各国的海军所采用，但最初由军方开发以保护外层空间国家安全资产的SSA却逐渐转移给了民事行为者。本文说明了海洋交通和太空交通本质上不同的本质和历史如何以及为什么产生了一种完全相反的方法来实现信息和责任分担，以支持交通控制，