For years, sociologists who study society and the environment have focused on resolving the debate regarding the relationship between economic development and environmental degradation. Studies from a family of critical perspectives tend to find that economic development is antithetical to environmental protection, whereas a suite of more optimistic perspectives has uncovered more hopeful findings. We attempt to resolve these differences by situating this debate within the larger framework of the anthro-shift. The anthro-shift explains how the society-environment relationship changes over time. The theory assumes this relationship is the product of interrelations among the state, market, and civil society sectors. We focus on two distinctive qualities of the anthro-shift: the role risk plays as a pivot for reorienting how society interacts with the natural environment and the multidirectionality of the theory, highlighting how it combines elements of many of the dominant critical and optimistic perspectives into a broader framework.

中文翻译：

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结束僵局：走向人际交往理论

多年来，研究社会与环境的社会学家一直致力于解决有关经济发展与环境退化之间关系的争论。从一系列批判性观点进行的研究倾向于发现经济发展与环境保护背道而驰，而一系列更为乐观的观点则揭示了更多希望的发现。我们试图通过将辩论置于更大的人际关系框架内来解决这些分歧。人际交往解释了社会与环境的关系如何随着时间而变化。该理论假设这种关系是国家，市场和民间社会部门之间相互联系的产物。我们专注于人际交往的两种独特品质：